The invention relates to rapid identification of anti-powdery-mildew gene of Brachypodium distachyon, relates to the knowledge of plant comparative genomics, genetics, biological information and other subjects, and belongs to the scientific field of plant biotechnology. The rapid identification of anti-powdery-mildew gene of Brachypodium distachyon comprises the main steps of: (1) downloading full genome sequences of Brachypodium distachyon and collecting MLO (mildew resistance locus o) type gene; (2) identifying the MLO type gene; (3) analyzing the MLO type gene historical development relation; and (4) comparing the MLO type powdery mildew gene. According to the rapid identification of anti-powdery-mildew gene of Brachypodium distachyon provided by the invention, the excavation period of the anti-powdery-mildew gene of Brachypodium distachyon is effectively shortened, and the rapid identification of the powdery mildew gene is facilitated; the identified powdery mildew gene can be used for developing corresponding coseparation functional markers (SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism), SCAR (sequence-characterized amplified region), and the like), and can also be rapidly used for assisted selection of molecule markers of anti-powdery-mildew gene, and the accuracy is high; development of multi-resistance breeding materials can be carried out by combining with other anti-disease gene molecule markers, the breeding time is shortened and the breeding efficiency is improved; and foundation is established for expounding the molecular mechanism of the anti-powdery-mildew gene of Brachypodium distachyon.