The invention provides a method of detection of transcription factor expression activity by a luciferase reporter gene system; the method comprises the steps: based on the luciferase characteristics of being lasting, stable and easy to detect, co-transfecting cells with a luciferase reporter gene vector containing a target gene promoter and a transcription factor expression plasmid; after the cells are cultured, carrying out lysis of a certain number of cells with a cell lysis buffer liquid, collecting a lysate containing luciferase, and centrifuging to take a supernatant; and then real-timely detecting luciferase expression intensity data in a luciferase activity detection buffer liquid, at the same time, detecting the luciferase concentration, correcting, and then calculating to obtain the transcription factor expression quantity, namely the transcription factor expression activity needing to detection. The method is simpler and more feasible in whole operation process, shorter in time consuming, higher in flux, relatively high in repeatability and accuracy, and lower in operating costs, thereby having broad application prospects, and having excellent market potential.