The invention discloses a cold-resistant flame-retardant rat-proof and termite-proof communication cable. The cable comprises the following components by weight: 10-15 parts of silicone rubber, 15-20 parts of fluorinated silicone rubber, 10-15 parts of fluororubber, 3-7 parts of epoxy oil, 2-4 parts of a rare earth complex, 1-2 parts of lubricating oil, 5-15 parts of decabrominated dipheny ethane, 2-8 parts of antimonous oxide, 10-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 2-5 parts of o-isopropylphenyl-n-methylcarbamate, 1-2 parts of paraffin, 0-5 parts of calcined clay and 1-3 parts of an antioxidant, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine extract is mixed extract of salvia japonica thunb., vervain, zanthoxylum bungeagum maxim and radix angelicae. The cable is good in cold resistance, high in tensile strength, easy to bend, convenient to construct and good in flame retardance; and the cable can be effectively prevented from being bitten by rodents, is good in rat-proof and termite-proof effects, is not cracked by frost under an outdoor low-temperature condition, ensures stable operation of communication lines, and avoids the phenomenon of an influence on operation of the communication lines caused by damage to the communication cable due to external environmental factors.