The invention discloses a method for treating high-concentration refractory organic wastewater by using microwave induced oxidation, which is high in treatment efficiency, short in treatment time and low in running cost, occupies a small space, is safe and easy to implement and maintain. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, adding a certain amount of sulfuric acid into high-concentration refractory organic wastewater to be treated, and adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to ensure that the wastewater is acidic; then, adding an oxidant capable of strongly absorbing microwaves into the wastewater after water quality adjustment, and performing aeration pre-reaction for 10 minutes, wherein the oxidant is a microwave response type material which is made from metal capable of absorbing the microwaves and the microwave response type material mainly contains one or more types of metals including iron, manganese, nickel and the like capable of absorbing the microwaves; then, putting the wastewater after pre-reaction treatment into a microwave oxidation reactor, and performing microwave induced oxidation reaction; then, putting the mixture after the microwave induced oxidation reaction into air floatation equipment, performing mud-water separation, and discharging after the outflowing water reach a standard; and finally, recycling the separated mud residues.