79 results about "Particle interaction" patented technology

The laser radar system includes transmission system, receiving system, spectrum and photoelectric detection system, and data process system. After collimation, light sent from the pulse laser is sent to atmosphere vertically. The receiving system of the laser radar receives backscattering light generated after interaction between laser and molecules, particles in atmosphere. The received atmosphere echo signal of the laser radar is sent to spectrum system to carry out spectrum. Detected by the photoelectric detection system the spectrum is sent to the data process system to carry out analysis and process. Based on preloaded program, the invention obtains temperature value of atmosphere, density of vapor, optical character parameters of atmospheric aerosol, and depolarization ratio of backscattering light of not spheroidal particle.

An improved method of, and apparatus for, nuclear imaging takes advantage of the ability to determine the depth of gamma ray / electron interaction within a semiconducting gamma ray detector to determine the (most highly probable) location of the first gamma ray / electron interaction within the detector. Lines of interaction constructed between opposing detector arrays, extending between the location of the first gamma ray / electron interaction in each detector associated with the coincident detection of gamma radiation, permits a positron-emitting object of interest to be imaged according to protocols known in the art, but with better spatial resolution than previously believed to have been known.

A particle analyzer that includes optical waveguides, a support, and a detector. The optical waveguides direct spatially separated beams from a source of radiation to produce measuring beams in a sample flow measuring area. The support maintains each of the optical waveguides in a fixed relative position with respect to each other and maintains the positioning of the measuring beams within the measuring area. The detector senses light produced from the measuring beams interacting with a particle flowing through the measuring area. At least one of the support and the detector can be coupled to the core stream sample system. The coupling can use an optical waveguide device configured to convey optical radiation arising from sample interaction to the detector. In another example, a particle analyzer comprises an optical system configured to be fixedly coupled to a sample system and configured to direct beams along independent beam paths from a source of radiation to produce measuring beam spots in a sample flow measuring area of the sample system and a detection system configured to sense radiation delivered from the sample flow measuring area.

The present invention provides a system and method of particle size and concentration measurement based on providing a focused, synthesized, non-Gaussian laser beam, causing the beam to interact with the particles, measuring the interaction signal and the number of interactions per unit time of the beam with the particles, and using algorithms to map the interaction signals to the particle size and the number of interactions per unit time to the concentration. The particles are fluid borne, airborne, or on a surface and have a size ranging from sub-micron to thousands of microns. In an embodiment of the invention, the focused, synthesized, non-Gaussian laser beam is a dark beam. The measurements can be made using the duration of interaction with a scanning beam, including dark field.

The invention provides an optical tweezers type optical fiber Raman microprobe and a manufacturing method. The probe has two optical channels which are coaxial, wherein an annular optical fiber core provides a Raman exciting light channel and a channel in the coaxial center is used for receiving Raman probe light; and by performing fine taper angle grinding on the fiber ends of coaxial dual waveguide channel optical fibers, a rotary symmetrical plane (or chambered surface) structure is formed. The structure can converge Raman exciting light transmitted by the annular core in a micron order, and on the one hand, the converged exciting light has an ability of capturing micron-order and nanoscale particles and on the other hand, the converged exciting light interacts with the particles, so that a back scattering Raman optical signal generated by the exciting light converged by the Raman scattering light can be collected and transmitted to a Raman spectrometer through an intermediate large-core fire cores. The microprobe provided by the invention can capture micro living matters of cell living bodies to effectively excite the Raman spectrum of the matters in cells and to obtain the Raman spectrum so as to achieve Raman measurement of micro liquids, single cells in living bodies and inner substances thereof.

A system detects at least one of nuclear and fissile materials. The system includes a plurality of high speed scintillator detectors. Each high speed scintillator detector in the plurality of high speed scintillator detectors includes at least one photo sensor and a pre-amp circuit adapted to eliminate pulse stretching and distortion of detected light pulses emitted from scintillation material when interacting with neutron particles and / or gamma particles. An isotope database includes a plurality of spectral images corresponding to different known isotopes. An information processing system is adapted to compare spectral data received from each high speed scintillator detector to one or more of the spectral images and identify one or more isotopes present in an object or container being monitored.

A method for selecting materials and processing conditions to prepare a heterogeneous structure in situ via the reaction of a homogeneous mixture of a reactive organic compound and a filler, which may then optionally be sintered. The method is employed to provide a heterogeneous composite possessing exceptionally high thermal and / or electrically conductivities for a given concentration of conductive filler. The choice of materials as well as processing conditions employed, as will be described below, have a strong effect on the rate domain formation / heterogeneity of the structure formed, the extent of filler particle-particle interactions within filler-rich domains, and ultimately the thermal and / or electrical conductivity. Proper choice of these conditions can lead to composites having enhanced properties at a reduced bulk filler concentration.

The invention relates to an ordered gas diffusion electrode, preparation and application thereof. The membrane electrode comprises a gas diffusion layer and a catalysis layer; the catalysis layer is an ordered catalysis layer, and is formed by interaction of conductive polymer nanowires arranged in an ordered array manner on the gas diffusion layer surface and phthalic acid diethylene glycol diacrylate (PDDA) doped on the surface of the conductive polymer nanowires with Pt catalyst particles. The ordered membrane electrode of the invention has the advantages of high utilization rate of precious metal Pt, high stability, and the like, can effectively reduces catalyst cost of fuel cells, and can improve the service life of fuel cells; meanwhile, the membrane electrode of the invention can effectively enhance the mass transfer of fuel in the catalysis layer, thereby improving the fuel utilization rate; the ordered membrane electrode of the invention can be used as a membrane electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, direct liquid fuel cells, and proton exchange membrane water-type electrolytic baths.

A two-dimensional detector of ionizing radiation and a process for manufacturing the detector. The detector includes sheets emitting particles by interaction with ionizing radiation, semiconducting layers that alternate with the sheets and can be ionized by the particles, and groups of conducting tracks in contact with the layers. A created electric field is used to collect charge carriers generated in the layers due to interaction with particles, through the tracks. For example, the layer and the corresponding tracks are formed on each sheet and the sheets are then assembled together. The detector, as an example, is applicable to radiography and can achieve good X-ray detection efficiency and high spatial resolution at the same time.

A system to provide enhanced computational efficiency in a simulation of particle transport through a medium, program product, and related methods are provided. The system can include a simulation data administrator server having access to an interaction database including records related to parameters describing interactions of particles in an absorbing medium to provide particle interaction parameters, and a simulated dose calculation computer in communication with the simulation data administrator server through a communications network. The system can also included simulated dose calculation program product stored in memory of the simulated dose calculation computer and including instructions that when executed by a processor causes the processor to perform for each of a plurality of particles deliverable from a particle source the operations of providing parameters for a medium to perform a Monte Carlo simulation to develop a map of simulated absorbed dose in the medium, and artificially adjusting simulation particle fluxes to achieve a substantially constant variance throughout a depth of the medium.

This invention relates to a tubular cyclonic separation device the style of which was presented in PCT / ZA2003 / 000160 and which enables all of the inlet and outlet connections to be completely contained within a tubular profile, the diameter of which is that of the body of the cyclonic section. This disclosure adds further novel and inventive developments to the cyclonic device which enable it to be used as a separating device for systems involving all three phases (gas, liquid and solid) and where two, three or more different product streams may be separated, all within the same cylindrical profile. These further inventive developments also relate to the use of externally supplied gas and / or additional liquid phases which are injected through the walls of the cyclonic body using specifically located slots and / or holes in combination with specifically located stepped edges. These further novel and inventive developments enable the concepts of froth floatation (FF) and Dispersed Air Floatation (DAF) to be exploited within an enhanced gravitational field together with the options for washing the separated froth and / or the separated heavier fractions, all within the same cyclonic unit. As part of the novel and inventive introduction of the stepped edges, means are provided whereby gas bubbles smaller than 30 microns can be created on a large scale and with a reduced energy input relative to typical conventional equipment. Also the size of the gas bubbles may be controlled together with the intensity of any particle on particle interactions that may be created. This latter has many potential applications within FF and / or DAF processes, including applications within oil and tar separation from solid surfaces and within many ore preparation and ore leaching processes. The tubular profile enables processing and separation to be achieved “within the pipe line” or for very closely packed arrangements to be assembled within carrier vessels.

The invention discloses a scintillator-based two-dimensional position detection system, which comprises a whole continuous scintillator, a photoelectric detection device and a two-dimensional position detection processing device, wherein the scintillator is used for receiving ray particles (such as X rays, alpha rays, gamma rays, beta rays, neutrons and the like), interacts with the ray particles to generate light signals and makes the light signals be scattered in the propagation process; the photoelectric detection device comprises n (a natural number more than 1) photoelectric detection units, and each photoelectric detection unit is used for detecting the light signals transmitted by the scintillator respectively and converting the light signals into electric signals; and the two-dimensional position detection processing device is connected with the photoelectric detection device, and is used for determining the distribution center of the light signals transmitted by the scintillator according to the electric signals converted by each photoelectric detection unit in the photoelectric detection device, and determining the distribution center of the light signals as the position of the ray particles which are shot to the scintillator. The scintillator-based two-dimensional position detection system provided by the invention can improve position resolution and reduce the complexity of two-dimensional position detection.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a high effective retention and filtration agent cationic guar gum, belongs to the technical field of analytical biotechnology. The method comprises thefollowing steps: taking guar gum to perform alkalinizing, etherifying, cooling and neutralizing, crushing and drying, grinding and sieving and packaging, and finally obtaining the high effective retention and filtration agent cationic guar gum. The invention adopts low temperature alkalization so as to increase the viscosity of the cationic guar gum product, the reaction condition of etherification is mild; the product has high cationic substituted ratio, can interact well with negative fibre and filler particles so as to increase the retention and filtration effect of fibre and filler and reach good retention and filtration effect by using a little product, and is a high effective retention and filtration agent.

The invention relates to a double doped layer silicon-based film solar cell. In a p type doped layer and an n type doped layer, the optical band gap of the layer closely adjacent to an intrinsic layer is larger than that of the layer far away from the intrinsic layer, but the difference value of the band gaps is not larger than 0.45 eV. The difference of the optical band gaps of the double doped layer structure is realized by arranging different materials according to the matching principle, or by changing the growth technology parameter of the identical material to control the optical band gaps. According to the invention, the inhibition to the particle interaction at the interface between the doped layers and the intrinsic layer and the control to the dopant particles and the accumulation and the distribution of defects can be realized simultaneously, excessive defects in the intrinsic layer can be reduced, simultaneously, the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency and the irradiation stability of the solar cell can be improved, the production cost for the silicon-based film solar cells can be further reduced, therefore, the structure can be applied to any silicon-based single-junction solar cell, laminated solar cell and multi-junction solar cell with p-i-n structure and n-i-p structure.

Apparatus and methods are provided for interacting light with particles, including but not limited to biological matter such as cells, in unique and highly useful ways. Optophoresis consists of subjecting particles to various optical forces, especially optical gradient forces, and more particularly moving optical gradient forces, so as to obtain useful results. In biology, this technology represents a practical approach to probing the inner workings of a living cell, preferably without any dyes, labels or other markers. In one aspect, a particle may be characterized by determining its optophoretic constant or signature. For example, a diseased cell has a different optophoretic constant from a healthy cell, thereby providing information, or the basis for sorting. In the event of physical sorting, various forces may be used for separation, including fluidic forces, such as through the use of laminar flow, or optical forces, or mechanical forces, such as through adhesion. Various techniques for measuring the dielectric constant of particles are provided.

The invention discloses a novel method for measuring the absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosol with a light-heat method. Based on the characteristics that light and particles interact with each other, a heat effect is generated when the light is absorbed by the particles and heat is not generated when the light is scattered by the particles, the light of a wavelength is transmitted in a heat-insulation glass pipe filled with the aerosol, and an absorption effect of the aerosol particles on the light can be measured by a temperature sensor in the glass pipe. With the novel method, the absorption effect of the particles on the light is directly measured, the suspension state of the particles is not changed in the measurement process, the air molecular absorption interference is effectively removed in the measurement process, the atmospheric aerosol can be continuously measured in real time on line, and a very good application prospect is showed for quantitative monitoring of meteorological environmental protection departments and research on the microphysical property of the aerosol.

A method for manufacturing a conductive pattern material is provided with a process of directly bonding a graft polymer, which has a functional group and a crosslinkable functional group that can mutually interact with conductive particles, on a substrate in a pattern; a process of forming a conductive particle adsorbing layer by permitting the functional group which can mutually interact with conductive particles in the graft polymer to adsorb conductive particles; and a process of forming a crosslinking structure in the conductive particle adsorbing layer by applying energy to the conductive particle adsorbing layer. In this method, a conductive pattern material provided with a conductive pattern which has a high resolution without interruption and has excellent durability can be manufactured. The conductive pattern material can be also obtained by introducing a functional group which can mutually interact with an electroless plating catalyst, instead of the functional group which can mutually interact with conductive particles, and by adsorbing the electroless plating catalyst and the like and performing electroless plating process.

A sensor device for sensing magnetic particles, the sensor device including a substrate and a sensing unit provided on and / or in and / or near the substrate. The sensing unit is configured to sense a detection signal indicative of the presence of the magnetic particles. The sensor device further includes a magnetic field control unit which may be provided off the substrate and is configured to generate a time-dependent magnetic field for interaction with the magnetic particles.

This paper presents a microfluidic pumping approach using traveling-wave dielectrophoresis (tw-DEP) of microparticles. Flow is generated directly in the microfluidic devices by inducing electromechanical effects in the fluid using microelectrodes. The fluidic driving mechanisms due to the particle-fluid and particle-particle interactions under twDEP are analyzed, and the induced flow field is obtained from numerical simulations. Experimental measurements of the flow velocity in a prototype DEP micropumping device show satisfactory agreement with the numerical predications.

Caesium-137 irradiates electronic paper. An incoming gamma-ray from the Cs-137 interacts with a particle inside a micro-container by generating a recoil electron and / or a hole. Because the recoil electron physically leaves the particle, the particle is charged depending on the dose from the radiation source. And, the charge of the particles change, which results in a movement of the particles within the micro-container. After refreshing the electronic paper, a visible difference in the gray-scale can be seen. Thus, the visible difference in the gray-scale is an effect caused by the irradiation of the electronic paper, showing sensitivity to high energy radiation--thus, non-optimized electronic paper is sensitive to high energy radiation and can be used as a radiation dosimeter. In addition, electronic paper can be used for sensing chemical and bio-chemical agents, as well as detecting high energy radiation.

The invention discloses a numerical simulation method for interaction of coal powder particles in burning, belonging to the technical field of computer numerical simulation. According to the characteristics of burning of the coal powder particles, the method is characterized in that on the basis of calculation of an existing mathematical model of fluid mechanics software FLUENT, FLUENT UDF and FLUENT Scheme are used for hybrid programming, and user-customized models, namely, a coal powder particles interaction model (a particle construction form, a particle mass change model, a particle size dynamic change model and a volatile element precipitation model) and a mass change storage mechanism, are coupled, so that numerical simulation of interaction of the coal powder particles in burning is realized. Experiments show that change rules of coal powder particle temperature and so on obtained through the numerical simulation method are generally consistent with experiment data. Through adoption of the method, a real, objective interaction mechanism of coal powder particles in burning is disclosed conveniently and efficiently, thereby providing powerful theoretical basis and technological support for improvement and optimization design of the coal powder burning technology.

1. A method of strengthening the matrix of a high-speed steel for forming a composite tool material by super-deep penetration of reinforcing particles into and through the matrix of the tool material. The particles interact with the matrix in the form of a high-speed jet generated and energized by an explosion of an explosive material that contains the premixed powdered components of the working medium composed of particles of a hard material and ductile metal, and if necessary, with an addition of a process liquid. The particles of the working medium material have dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 μm. The jet has a pulsating nature with the velocity in the range of 200 to 600 m / sec and a temperature in the range 100 to 2000° C. As a result of strengthening, the steel matrix is reinforced by elongated zones of the working material particles which are oriented in the direction of the jet and occupy less than 1 vol. % of the matrix material, while less than 10 vol. % is occupied by the zones of the matrix restructured as a result of interaction with the particles of the super-high velocity jet.

A method of capturing and analyzing information for a particle detection system comprises generating a reaction to a plurality of particles using a converter material, wherein the converter material is operable to interact with the plurality of particles. The method further comprises converting a response to the reaction to an electrical signal using a plurality of sensors, wherein the converter material is operable to be coated onto the plurality of sensors, and wherein each of the plurality of sensors comprises an array of discrete pixel sensors each with a respective (x,y) coordinate within the array. Further, the method comprises processing the electrical signal to generate data regarding each pixel on the array of discrete pixels and serializing the data collected from the plurality of sensors and transmitting the data over thin cables to a processing unit that is located at a separate and remote location from the plurality of sensors.

A method for characterizing particle adhesion in microfluidic bifurcations and junctions comprises at least one idealized bifurcation or junction. Multiple bifurcations and / or junctions can be combined on a single microfluidic chip to create microfluidic networks configured for assays specifically to characterize particle interactions at junctions or to screen particles for desired interactions with microfluidic bifurcations and / or junctions.

Systems and methods that automatically arrange, or re-arrange, object nodes in a diagram such that the total length of all associations between nodes and the number of overlapping associations is reduced or minimized. In mathematical terms, the process simplifies the graphical representation of an arbitrary graph. In one aspect, processes of the invention use a physical model of particle interactions to determine a minimal energy state, with object nodes modeled as particles and the associations between the object nodes modeled as interaction forces. Perturbations applied to the system allow for a determination of a minimal energy state