The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material processing and particularly relates to a multi-layer type vacuum radio frequency and hot wind combined drying method and equipment for rhizomatous traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The equipment comprises a circular hot wind drying system, a radio frequency heating system, a pulse vacuum generation systemand an automatic control system. The circular hot wind drying system comprises a wind return pipeline (9), a wind return pipeline electromagnetic valve (11), a centrifugal fan (13), a wind input pipeline (14), an axial flow fan (15) and the like. The automatic control system comprises a human-computer interaction interface (4). The pulse vacuum generation system comprises a water drainage valve (33), an air drawing pipeline (34) and the like. The radio frequency heating system comprises a fiber optic temperature sensor (26), a material (27), a material tray (28), a weighing support (29), a drying box (47) and the like. In the drying process, the sensor is used for monitoring the change situation of media in the drying box (47) and the material (27), and based on the analysis, decision andexecution of the automatic control system, the complete equipment has the characteristics of being high in automation degree, low in labor intensity and the like.