The invention discloses a ternary cross-linked hydrogel electrolyte, a preparation method and applications thereof, wherein polyvinyl alcohol, a bis-catechol derivative, boric acid, potassium hydroxide and water are used as raw materials, a macromolecular cross-linking agent D-B is obtained through a condensation reaction between the boric acid and the o-hydroxyl in the bis-catechol, and the polyvinyl alcohol is cross-linked with the macromolecular cross-linking agent D-B to form a cross-linked network structure, so that the rapid self-repairing hydrogel is obtained. According to the invention, the synthesis method has characteristics of simple process, mild condition, easy operation and no product post-treatment; by changing the use amounts of the polyvinyl alcohol and the cross-linking agent, the hydrogel electrolytes with different self-repairing capacities, mechanical strengths and conductivities are obtained, and can generate viscosity and lose viscosity under electrical stimulation, wherein the viscosity responsiveness can be regulated by regulating the electrical stimulation time and the voltage; and the self-repairing hydrogel has important applications in the fields of soft robots, artificial ligaments, flexible devices, surface response materials, wall climbing robots, controllable coatings, automobile intelligent sensors and the like.