64results about How to "Good insulation and sealing" patented technology

The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a residual stress on a stir friction welding surface. According to the method, an insulation box capable of moving along a stirring head is adopted to insulate the weld joint and parent metal after welding, and then furnace cooling is performed so as to reduce the residual stress on the stir friction welding surface. The device mainly comprises a sucking-disc type fixture, the insulation box and control equipment, wherein the insulation material mainly comprises fire bricks, asbestos and steel plates. During welding, the insulation box moves along the stirring head and insulates the welded workpiece continuously; and after the welding, the whole workpiece enters the insulation box to be insulated and is cooled with the furnace after being insulated for a certain time so as to control the residual stress on the welding surface and the deformation, wherein the insulating temperature is the critical temperature of the heat treatment of the materials. The device realizes full automation in the whole welding process and avoids the reduction in the welding quality due to a human factor. The method and the device have the advantages of simple device, convenient operation, high technical economic benefit, and high welding quality of the stir friction welding.

The invention provides a formula of a high temperature resistant hot melt adhesive and a processing process of the hot melt adhesive. The formula comprises the following components: polyamide, an ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a tackifier, an antioxidant and a modifier. The high temperature resistant hot melt adhesive is high in bonding strength, resistant to high temperature, excellent in insulating and sealing performance, resistant to a low temperature, environment-friendly, non-toxic, simple in production process and good in repeatability.

The invention provides low-temperature resistant hot melt adhesive and a processing technology of the low-temperature resistant hot melt adhesive. The low-temperature resistant hot melt adhesive comprises the following components: polyamide, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-acrylate-maleic anhydride terpolymer, wax, tackifying resin and an antioxidant. The low-temperature resistant hot melt adhesive is high in adhesive strength, excellent in insulating seal performance, environmentally-friendly, nontoxic, simple in production technology and high in repeatability, and is mainly applicable to places requiring high low-temperature performance.

The invention is a method for making electronic expansion valve coil for a refrigerating system, firstly winding enamelled wires on upper and lower coil frames, the ends of the enamelled wires are welded with needles, and then placing two electromagnetic polar plates between the two coil frames, and characterized by assembling stator composed the above parts with an insulating sleeve socket, placing them in a mould cavity and locating, enveloping the stator and the insulating sleeve socket together to compose a coil enveloping piece, jacketing two stator cases on the coil enveloping piece, and finally connecting the edges of the two stator cases and welding a locating clamp piece on one stator case. It shortens moulding time, raises working efficiency, and has low manufacturing cost.

The invention discloses a connecting joint device of an LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) liquid level sensor output cable and a transmitter. The connecting joint device includes a connecting seat fixed and sealed on the transmitter; the connecting seat is filled with an insulating sealing element; a joint wire is sealed in and penetrates through the insulating sealing element; one end of the joint wire is fixed with a connector male head; a connecting end of an insulating wire is provided with a connector female head which is electrically connected with a wire of the insulating wire and can be matched with the connector male head for connecting; a connector fastening sleeve can connect a tubular fastening joint and a connecting seat together; a first insulating sleeve pipe for surrounding the connector male head is sealed on the insulating sealing element; a second insulating sleeve pipe is sealed and sleeved outside the connector female head; when the connector female head and the connector male head are connected, the first insulating sleeve pipe and the second insulating sleeve pipe are mutually sealed and connected; and the connector male head and the connector female head are enabled to be sealed with and insulated from the connecting seat and the tubular fastening joint. The invention has the advantages of the good insulating and sealing performance.

The invention relates to a device and method for magnetic control of underwater welding, in particular to a device and method for the magnetic control of the wet process underwater welding and is applicable to the technical field of welding. The problem in the existing underwater welding that globular transfer can not be transited to a base material easily is solved. The magnetic control device is formed by an excitation power supply, a magnetic conducting core, an excitation coil, a copper sleeve, an upper end cover and a lower end cover. The magnetic control method includes that 1, the magnetic control device is installed, and the excitation power supply is connected; 2, a welding wire penetrates through a through hole of the magnetic conducting core, protecting gas is exerted, and an electric arc between the welding wire and a welding workpiece is ignited, namely wet process underwater welding is finished. The device and method for the magnetic control of the wet process underwater welding is applied to the technical field of welding.

The invention discloses a temperature-control anti-fog apparatus for a clamping type laparoscope lens. The apparatus comprises a clamping device, a heating system, a shell and an inner-wall gasket. The temperature-control anti-fog apparatus following beneficial effects: clamping type design is utilized; before an operation, the clamping device enables the apparatus to be directly clamped on a rod of a laparoscope; a switch is turned on and a heat-preservation system works; installation is easy and convenient; during the operation, no detachment is achieved so that operation efficiency is effectively raised; the heating system is efficient and stable and has good heating and insulation effect of the laparoscope lens; fogging phenomenon of the lens is effectively reduced during a laparoscopic surgery; and the apparatus is an integral device and ensures safety of the operation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of cryogenic superconductors, in particular to a current lead insulating and sealing device. The device comprises a current lead, an inner sealing part, a nut, a base and an outer sealing part, the inner sealing part is supported by the base, the upper and the lower ends of the current lead respectively pass through the axial through holes in the outer sealing part and the inner sealing part, the outer sealing part is then fastened with the inner sealing part, and the current lead is fixed by the nut sleeved on the outer sealing part. The current lead insulating and sealing device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, excellent insulating and sealing properties and the like, is convenient to assemble, and solves the problems of the current lead in terms of insulation, sealing, low temperature resistance, high voltage resistance.

The invention discloses a medium-frequency heating bar and a structure thereof. The medium-frequency heating bar comprises a magnetic core bar, a copper coil, an insulation and heat-insulating layer, an iron magnetic tube, a magnetic ring, a PTC temperature-sensitive resistor and a sealing end, wherein the magnetic core bar, the copper coil and the insulation and heat-insulating layer are arranged in the iron magnetic tube, the magnetic ring and the sealing end perform sealing, and the built-in heating structure is formed. The heating bar is arranged in a heated object. When medium-frequency current flows in the copper coil, the iron magnetic tube generates heat, and therefore the heated object in contact with the outer wall of the iron magnetic tube is heated. The medium-frequency heating bar is small in energy consumption, high in efficiency, good in insulation sealing performance, convenient to control, long in service life, safer and applicable to various occasions needing the heating bar to perform heating.

The invention discloses a quick milk preparing component which comprise a nursing bottle, a milk powder box and an inserting plate. The milk powder box is provided with a first connecting portion capable of being connected with a nipple in a matched mode. The nursing bottle and the milk powder box can be connected for use. The inserting plate is a movable box bottom of the milk powder box. Before milk powder is brewed, the inserting plate is inserted into the milk powder box to feed the milk powder and warm water into the milk powder box and the nursing bottle respectively, the milk powder box and the nursing bottle are screwed to the lower surface of the inserting plate to be abutted against a mouth of the nursing bottle, and the nipple is connected at the lower end of the milk power box, in other words, the milk preparing component is in a to-be-brewed state. When brewing is needed, the inserting plate is plugged, the nursing bottle and the milk powder box are further screwed to a joint of the both to be insulated from the outside and sealed, and milk can be drunk after being shook up. The milk preparing component is simple in structure, steps for brewing the milk powder are simplified, and the milk is completely insulated from the warm water in the nursing bottle during brewing and is less prone to being left over.

The invention relates to a sensor structure for deepwater oceanographic engineering structural stress long-term measurement. The sensor structure comprises a thin-wall body, wherein a cover plate is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the thin-wall body, a sliding groove is formed in the inner portion of the thin-wall body, a temperature compensation plate is arranged in the sliding groove, an electric resistor strain gauge is adhered to the temperature compensation plate, a boss is arranged inside the thin-wall body, a first installation hole is formed in the boss, and a watertight connector is arranged in the first installation hole. The sensor structure is simple in structure, small in size, convenient to install and high in measurement accuracy, deepwater oceanographic engineering structural stress long-term measurement is effectively achieved through the sensor structure, the sensor structure is suitable for the underwater high-pressure environment, the accuracy and installation requirements of deepwater oceanographic engineering structural stress long-term measurement are met, the service life is greatly prolonged, and the isolating and sealing capacity is good.

The composite heat-insulating and protecting material is made of aluminum foil and fireproof fiber fabric, and the fireproof fiber fabric is mixed fiber felt of fireproof cotton yarn in 30-70 wt% and glass fiber 30-70 wt%. The composite heat-insulating and protecting material has high heat-isolating and sealing effect, is fireproof, radiation resistant and long in service life, and may be used in making heat-insulating and protecting casing for apparatus and pipeline and capable of being assembled and disassembled easily.

The invention relates to a furnace liner for a vertical coal mine ventilation air methane oxidation device. The furnace liner is characterized by comprising a shell, a ceramic fiber blanket, an anchoring piece, and a wall body consisting of short ceramic fiber modules, long ceramic fiber modules and compensation blankets, wherein the upper and lower ends of the short ceramic fiber modules are provided with the compensation blankets; the upper and lower ends of the long ceramic fiber modules are provided with the short ceramic fiber modules with the compensation blankets; one side of the wall body is provided with the ceramic fiber blanket, while the other side is sprayed with a fireproof paint; and the shell is fixed on the side, which is not coated with the fireproof paint, of the wall body by the anchoring piece. The furnace liner has the advantages of good heat insulation effect, flat surface, light weight, low cost, convenient installation and the like.

The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a residual stress on a stir friction welding surface. According to the method, an insulation box capable of moving along a stirring head is adopted to insulate the weld joint and parent metal after welding, and then furnace cooling is performed so as to reduce the residual stress on the stir friction welding surface. The device mainlycomprises a sucking-disc type fixture, the insulation box and control equipment, wherein the insulation material mainly comprises fire bricks, asbestos and steel plates. During welding, the insulation box moves along the stirring head and insulates the welded workpiece continuously; and after the welding, the whole workpiece enters the insulation box to be insulated and is cooled with the furnaceafter being insulated for a certain time so as to control the residual stress on the welding surface and the deformation, wherein the insulating temperature is the critical temperature of the heat treatment of the materials. The device realizes full automation in the whole welding process and avoids the reduction in the welding quality due to a human factor. The method and the device have the advantages of simple device, convenient operation, high technical economic benefit, and high welding quality of the stir friction welding.

The invention provides an electric heating tube having a sealing porcelain head with an electric heating tube sleeve, and belongs to the field of electric heaters. A wiring end part of the electric heating tube is provided with a porcelain head integrating an electric heating tube sleeve sleeving the electric heating tube and a cavity containing a mounting nut, a power line and a wire pressing washer; a power line outlet for leading out the power line is arranged on the outer edge of the cavity of the porcelain head; a porcelain head cover is also arranged at the end part of a wiring screw of the electric heating tube; a wire pressing nut cavity capable of containing a wire pressing nut is arranged in the porcelain head cover; the electric heating tube is provided with a table ridge or table ring convenient for mounting the electric heating tube; and moreover, a mounting nut cavity convenient for mounting the electric heating tube and matched with the mounting nut in shape can be arranged in the cavity of the porcelain head. The electric heating tube provided by the invention has a good insulating and sealing effect and a compact whole structure, and is relatively convenient to mount.

The invention relates to a shock absorption cable connector for a high-voltage cable, and belongs to the technical field of a cable material. By the shock absorption cable connector, the problem thatan existing cable connector is poor in shock absorption effect and is easy to get short-circuit is solved. The shock absorption cable connector comprises a cable connector body and a nut, wherein thenut is used for fixing the cable connector body, trapezoid threads are arranged at two ends of the cable body, the nut is provided with a thread matched with the trapezoid threads, the cable connectorbody comprises a cable connector body I and a cable connector body II, a filling cavity is arranged in the cable connector body I and / or the cable connector body II, and the cable connector body is sequentially provided with a sealing layer, a fireproof layer, a shielding layer, an insulation layer, a shock absorption layer, a waterproof layer and an outer protection sleeve from inside to outside. The shock absorption cable can be used for various cable connectors.

The invention discloses a steam crosslinking technology adopting a steam crosslinking special tray. The special tray is adopted in the crosslinking technology, and has the characteristics of a conventional cable tray. An extruded-insulated cable is wound on the tray, the edge of the tray is wrapped by heat insulation canvas to form a wrapped layer, a steel belt is used for fastening, fixing and sealing, two sealed inflation spaces on the inner layer and the outer layer of the tray are formed and communicate through an air hole formed in the body of an inner barrel of the tray, heating steam isintroduced through air inlets on the inner layer and the outer layer at the same time, heating steam permeates into a silane modified polyethylene cable insulation layer mixed with a silanol condensation catalyst from the inner layer and the outer layer in two directions, the pressure and temperature in the tray rapidly reach the conditions needed when organosilane crosslinked polyethylene completes crosslinking reaction within a short time, crosslinking reaction is rapidly completed, the sealing canvas is removed after crosslinking is finished, the whole tray of cable can enter a next working procedure for production after being cooled, and the crosslinking technology is thorough, rapid and saves time and steam.

The invention provides a small-diameter deep-hole directional drilling down-hole signal butt joint system. The small-diameter deep-hole directional drilling down-hole signal butt joint system comprises a down-hole signal butt joint device and a ground signal butt joint device. The down-hole signal butt joint device is installed at the upper end of a probe and is put into a well. The upper end of the ground signal butt joint device is connected with a signal transmission cable. The lower end of the ground signal butt joint device is in butt joint with the upper end of the down-hole signal butt joint device. The signal transmission cable is connected with the probe to achieve signal transmission and complete orientation. Through the small-diameter deep-hole directional drilling down-hole signal butt joint system, when directional drilling is needed in small-diameter drilling, replacement of a large drilling tool is not needed, and construction time and cost are reduced.

The invention discloses a double-layer fluidized drying bed for traditional Chinese medicine particles, which includes a drying chamber, a feeder and a driving device, and is characterized in that: the drying chamber is provided with layers A and B, and one end of the double-layered fluidized drying bed is provided with an air inlet and a material outlet The other end is provided with a feeder and an air outlet on the semi-dome, movable windows are provided on one side and both sides of each drying room, a mesh layer is set at the bottom of each drying room, and a movable rod is set at the bottom of the drying room A and drive unit. The double-layer fluidized drying bed has good thermal insulation and sealing performance, can make full use of the drying space and hot air, improves the heat utilization rate, product quality and production efficiency, not only saves energy, but also reduces the discharge of coal-burning waste gas and waste residue, economic benefits and environmental protection The benefit is better.

The invention discloses an insulating sealing method of an unequal-diameter object. The insulating sealing method includes the following steps that firstly, a tapered or frustum-shaped first shrink tube with a tapered surface shrinks at the thin end of the unequal-diameter object , the shrinking first shrink tube is close to the thick end of the unequal-diameter object, and the higher end of the tapered surface completely or nearly aligns with the surface of the thick end of the unequal-diameter object; then, a second shrink tube shrinks at the thick end of the unequal-diameter object and the first shrink tube so as to complete insulating sealing of the unequal-diameter object. Due to the adoption of the insulating sealing method of the unequal-diameter object, the problem of sliding caused by unequal outer diameters can be avoided, installment is simple, sliding does not happen easily, cracking caused by too large extension rate can be avoided, and a good insulating sealing effect is achieved.

The invention relates to a sensor structure for deepwater oceanographic engineering structural stress long-term measurement. The sensor structure comprises a thin-wall body, wherein a cover plate is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the thin-wall body, a sliding groove is formed in the inner portion of the thin-wall body, a temperature compensation plate is arranged in the sliding groove, an electric resistor strain gauge is adhered to the temperature compensation plate, a boss is arranged inside the thin-wall body, a first installation hole is formed in the boss, and a watertight connector is arranged in the first installation hole. The sensor structure is simple in structure, small in size, convenient to install and high in measurement accuracy, deepwater oceanographic engineering structural stress long-term measurement is effectively achieved through the sensor structure, the sensor structure is suitable for the underwater high-pressure environment, the accuracy and installation requirements of deepwater oceanographic engineering structural stress long-term measurement are met, the service life is greatly prolonged, and the isolating and sealing capacity is good.

The invention discloses an insulated sealing device of a variable-frequency drive. The device comprises a variable-frequency drive shell, electrolytic capacitors, sealing rings, a pressing plate and fastening parts, wherein first capacitor via holes are formed in the variable-frequency drive shell, the free ends of the electrolytic capacitors are located outside the variable-frequency drive shelland sleeved with the sealing rings, second capacitor via holes are formed in the pressing plate, the free ends extend out of the second capacitor via holes, and the pressing plate is connected with the sealing rings in an abutting mode and fixed onto the variable-frequency drive shell by the fastening parts. The invention further discloses an insulated sealing method. The method comprises the steps that the free ends are sleeved with the sealing rings, and the sealing rings abut against the tops of the first capacitor via holes; the free ends penetrate the second capacitor via holes in the pressing board, so that the pressing board is connected with the sealing rings in an abutting mode; by means of the fastening parts, the pressing plate is fixed onto the variable-frequency drive shell. According to the device and the method, the pressing board can closely press the sealing rings, and through elastic deformation of the sealing rings, gaps among the electrolytic capacitors, the variable-frequency drive shell and the pressing plate are filled, so that a sealing effect is achieved.

The invention relates to a multifunctional thermal container. The multifunctional thermal container comprises a container body and a cover body, wherein a horizontal division plate is formed in the container body and divides the container body into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, and a metal container and heating elements are arranged on the upper side of the horizontal division plate, namely the upper cavity; a thermoelectric cooler is arranged on the middle portion of the lower cavity, and the thermoelectric cooler contacts the bottom of the metal container. The multifunctional thermal container not only has functions of heating, heat preserving and stewing, but also has functions of refrigerating and freshness retaining, the heat preservation sealing effect is excellent, and compared with the prior art, great improvement is achieved. The speed of heating and refrigerating is fast, and the response is agile. The multifunctional thermal container is convenient to carry and can be applicable to households, vehicles and the like, long-distance intelligent control can be achieved, and the practicability of the thermal container is greatly improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of isolation doors, and relates to an internal tension type isolation door, in particular to an isolation door for stopping hot air to enter a coal mill at an inlet of the coal mill. The internal tension type isolation door comprises a doorframe, a first door sheet, a second door sheet, a sealing air device, a driving cylinder and two locking mechanisms, wherein the sealing air device is fixedly arranged on the lower part of the lateral surface of the doorframe; a piston rod of the driving cylinder penetrates through a piston rod sealing bracket to be connected with a piston rod support lug; the other end of a push-pull rod penetrates through a push-pull rod sealing bracket to be connected with a push-pull rod support lug; a first travel switch and a second travel switch are fixedly arranged at the two ends of a guide rail frame respectively; the two locking mechanisms are arranged between the first and second door sheets; and an ejector rod mechanism at the same height with the two locking mechanisms is arranged at the left end of the doorframe respectively. According to the internal tension type isolation door, the relative positions of the door sheets and the doorframe can be regulated, so that the sealing performance between the door sheets and the doorframe is improved, and the safety of a maintainer is improved.

The invention discloses a high-temperature and high-pressure single-rod critical heat flux density visualization experiment device, which comprises a central inner rod and an insulating support structure, and is characterized in that the central inner rod is arranged in a bottom end sealing structure, an inlet section, a square cavity section, a visual section, an outlet section and a top end sealing structure which are sequentially connected from bottom to top; the central inner rod comprises a heating rod, a bottom end non-heating rod connected to the bottom end of the heating rod, a top end non-heating rod connected to the top end of the heating rod, and a sheathed thermocouple arranged in the heating rod; the top end non-heating rod and the sheathed thermocouple extend out of the top end sealing structure; the insulating supporting structure comprises supporting grillwork and insulating ceramics, the supporting grillwork is used for fixing and limiting the central inner rod, and a plurality of supporting grillwork are arranged in the axial direction of the central inner rod; the insulating ceramics are tightly arranged on the inner surface of the frame of the square cavity section and are used for fixing and limiting the supporting grillwork. According to the invention, the deficiency of a high-temperature and high-pressure experimental section in a reactor fuel rod surface critical heat flux density experiment is filled up.

The invention provides high-voltage electrical insulating tape. The high-voltage electrical insulating tape sequentially comprises a base film, a colloid layer attached to the base film and a pressure-sensitive layer on the colloid layer. The base film is made of polypropylene. The colloid layer is prepared from, by mass, 10 parts to 20 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene rubber, 15 parts to 30 parts of isobutene-vinyl copolymers, 10 parts to 25 parts of oxirane-epoxy propane copolymers, 10 parts to 20 parts of nanometer aluminum oxide, 15 parts to 30 parts of superfine talcum powder, 0.5 part to 1.5 parts of rosin, 1.0 part to 5.0 parts of dimethyl siloxane, 1.0 part to 1.5 parts of phenolic resin, 1.0 part to 2.0 parts of carbon black, 1.0 part to 2.0 parts of plasticizers and 1.5 parts to 3.0 parts of antioxidants. The pressure-sensitive layer is prepared from, by mass, 20 parts to 30 parts of polymethacrylate and 30 parts to 50 parts of hydrogenated isoprene-butadiene copolymers. The high-voltage electrical insulating tape has quite good weather resistance, quite good high temperature resistance and quite good insulation.

The invention discloses a three-phrase integration solid insulating looped network switch device. The three-phrase integration solid insulating looped network switch device comprises a bus line cone, an arc extinguish chamber, a solid closure pole, an isolation cutter, a switching on contact, a base, a main shaft and a phase line cone. A silicon rubber sealing sleeve is arranged between the bus line cone and the solid closure pole, the isolation cutter is fixed in the solid closure pole through the main shaft, the top of the isolation cutter is in electric connection with the arc extinguish chamber through the switching on contact, the isolation cutter is connected with an outlet part of the base, on end of the phase line cone is connected with the bottom of the base, the other end of the phase line cone is an outlet end, and a silicon rubber sealing layer is arranged between the phase line cone and the base. The three-phrase integration solid insulating looped network switch device is simple and compact in structure, an electric appliance connecting part adopts watch chain touch finger connection, the isolation cuter, the arc extinguish chamber and the switching on contact are sealed in the solid closure pole, sealing performance is good, no harmful substances can be generated during working process, environmental pollution is little, effect on electrical performance of a ring main unit from external environment is little, using stability of the device is improved for a certain extent, and service life of the device is prolonged.

The invention discloses an assembled steel pipe concrete-wood composite wall for a building house and a manufacturing method thereof. The composite wall comprises a wall panel, a chair rail, a prefabricated part, an inner decorative sheet and an eyebrow. An air pressure balancing layer is arranged between the wall panel and the chair rail; the prefabricated part is arranged between the chair railand the decorative sheet; and the lower ends of the wall panel and the chair rail are mounted on the eyebrow. The prefabricated part comprises round steel pipes, a batten plate, an exterior wall bonecolumn, an interior wall bone column, an insulating and sound-isolating material, a pipeline channel and a connecting part. The pipeline channel is arranged in the insulating and sound-isolating material; the batten plate is welded between the adjacent two round steel pipes; connecting rails in a plurality of connecting parts are welded to the batten plate in the Z-axis direction; the exterior wall bone column and the interior wall bone column are fixed to the batten plate through the connecting parts, and the exterior wall bone column and the interior wall bone column are separately located on two sides of the batten plate. The assembled steel pipe concrete-wood composite wall combines three building materials steel, concrete and wood perfectly to exert advantages thereof, so that the assembled steel pipe concrete-wood composite wall has the excellent characteristics of being high in strength, light in weight, good in anti-seismic property, safe and reliable, attractive, green and environment-friendly and sustainable.

The invention discloses an insulation structure and an insulation method for a connection point of a heating plate pole piece and wires. The insulation structure comprises the heating plate pole piece and two wires, and further comprises two current-carrying plates and a low-pressure injection molding packaging plate, the end part of the wire is welded and fixed with the upper end surface of the corresponding current-carrying plate through a welding point, the current-carrying plate is tightly attached to the upper surface of the heating plate pole piece, a plurality of heating sheet through holes are dispersedly formed in the heating plate pole piece around the current-carrying plate, and the upper surface of the current-carrying plate, the upper surface of the heating plate pole piece and the lower surface of the heating plate pole piece are coated with the low-pressure injection molding packaging plate. The insulation structure provided by the invention has excellent insulation sealing performance, high waterproof and dustproof grade and good flame-retardant effect; the drawing force between the wire and the pole piece of the heating plate is improved; the performance of the product prepared by the method is far better than that of a product insulated by a dispensing or potting process; and the method can obviously improve the production efficiency and reduce the production cost.