The invention relates to an anti-aging hydraulic oil cylinder with high transmission efficiency, and the anti-aging hydraulic oil cylinder comprises a cylinder body, a sealing plate, a piston rod, anoil pipe, a water tank, a cooling mechanism and two water injection pipes, wherein the cooling mechanism comprises a transmission assembly and two cooling assemblies, the transmission assembly comprises a rack, a circular gear, a transmission shaft and two bearings, and the cooling assembly comprises a driving bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, a rotating shaft, a plurality of rotary vanes and a plurality of supporting units. The anti-aging hydraulic oil cylinder with high transmission efficiency absorbs the heat of the cylinder body through a water solution in the water tank to achieve the purpose of cooling the hydraulic oil, the transmission assembly acts on heating assemblies at two sides to enable the rotary vanes to rotate to drive water flow to flow, the heat is conveniently diffusedin the water solution and is transmitted to the outside after the heat is absorbed by a heat conducting plate, the water solution continuously cools the hydraulic oil, thereby ensuring the transmission efficiency of the hydraulic cylinder, and the equipment is prevented from aging, and therefore the practicability of the equipment is improved.