A method for extracting a small molecule peptide from a fresh animal bone is provided. The technological process of the method comprises the following steps: cleaning and breaking a fresh cattle or sheep bone, autoclaving, adding a special bone enzyme to conduct enzymolysis, deodorizing, filtering, concentrating, spraying the power to dry, and packaging a finished product. The method is characterized in that the temperature is higher than 120 DEG C, the pressure is 0.15-0.16 MPa and the fresh cattle or sheep bone is cooked for 8 h in the step of autoclaving; in the step of enzymolysis, the temperature is reduced to 54-56 DEG C after raising the temperature and sterilizing, NaOH is added to regulate the pH to 7.0, then the 0.5% special bone enzyme comprising an incision enzyme, an excision enzyme, a flavor enzyme and a pancreatic enzyme is added to conduct enzymolysis for 6 h; in the step of deodorizing, activated carbon is used; in the step of filtering, a candle filter and then a barrel filter are used; in the step of concentrating, the concentration pressure is -0.4 MPa to -0.6 MPa, and the concentration temperature is between 75 DEG C to 80 DEG C. The method has the advantages that the protein in the animal bone is hydrolyzed through bio-enzymes into all water-soluble nutritional ingredients, a product is high in the content of the small molecule peptide and the solubility, is favorable for absorbing by a human body, and is suitable for extracting the small molecule peptide of various animal bones.