The invention provides a microemulsion preparation taking rosin-based vegetable oil as a solvent and a preparation method thereof, and relates to a pesticide preparation. The microemulsion preparation consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 30 percent of pesticide active ingredients, 55 to 20 percent of emulsifier, 0 to 8 percent of cosolvent, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of defoamer, 1 to 30 percent of rosin-based vegetable oil, and the balance of water. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding the pesticide active ingredients, the rosin-based vegetable oil, the cosolvent, emulsifier and the defoamer into a reaction kettle, performing cutting and uniform dispersion at 2,000 to 5,000 rpm / min, and adding the balance of water into the mixture for high-speed cutting to obtain the microemulsion preparation taking the rosin-based vegetable oil as the solvent.