The invention relates to a high-strength lightweight forsterite fireproof material and a preparation method therefor. The scheme is as follows: the preparation method comprises the steps: firstly, uniformly mixing a siliceous raw material, a magnesium salt, a zinciferous raw material, iron powder and boric acid, carrying out forming, carrying out heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere, and carrying out grinding, thereby obtaining a material A; then, mixing the material A, a surfactant, a thickener, an additive and water, and carrying out ball-milling, thereby obtaining slurry; then, uniformly mixing a siliceous raw material, fine magnesia powder, a zinciferous raw material, municipal sludge and a surfactant, carrying out forming, carrying out heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere, carrying out heat treatment in a neutral atmosphere, and carrying out grinding, so as to obtain a material B and a material C; and finally, uniformly mixing magnesia granules, fine magnesia powder, a siliceous raw material, the material B, the material C, a zinciferous raw material and the slurry, carrying out forming, and carrying out heat treatment, thereby preparing the high-strength lightweight forsterite fireproof material. According to the high-strength lightweight forsterite fireproof material and the preparation method therefor, the source of the raw materials is wide, and the production cost is low; and the prepared product is excellent in high-temperature resistance, high in strength and small in high-temperature coefficient of thermal conductivity and can be used in a long term in high-temperature environments in contact with reducing atmosphere, alkaline dust and the like.