The invention relates to a multi-effect vacuum boiling type sea water desalinization apparatus. The device comprises a vacuum tank, a valve, a boiling assisting device, a vacuum pump, a condenser, a heat exchange and heat dissipation device, a heat conduction and heat dissipation device, a heat source device, a fresh water pipe, a condensed fresh water pipe, a water outlet pipe and a gas guiding pipe, wherein the interior of the vacuum tank is divided into a fresh water bin, a vacuum condensation and evaporation bin, a vacuum heating and evaporation bin, a vacuum preheating bin; sea water is continuously input to and discharged from the vacuum tank by the valve; different vacuum pressures are maintained in the bins; in the vacuum tank, the speeds of heat conduction, heat dissipation and heating are high, steam is condensed fast in vacuum, the vacuum degree in the vacuum tank is high, and the water vaporization boiling point is low; and the boiling assisting device can continuously supply gas to a vaporization center to prevent bumping and ensure continuous and stable boiling; the evaporation bins with stepped different vacuum pressures have corresponding diminishing-effect water vaporization temperatures, so that multi-stage and multi-effect recycle of steam heat is achieved, and the processing cost of sea water desalinization is greatly reduced.