106 results about "Diffuse scattering" patented technology

A method for the evaluation of target media parameters in the visible and near infrared is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a light source, an illuminator/collector, optional illumination wavelength selector, an optional light gating processor, an imager, detected wavelength selector, controller, analyzer and a display unit. The apparatus illuminates an in situ sample of the target media in the visible through near infrared spectral region using multiple wavelengths and gated light. The sample absorbs some of the light while a large portion of the light is diffusely scattered within the sample. Scattering disperses the light in all directions. A fraction of the deeply penetrating scattered light exits the sample and may be detected in an imaging fashion using wavelength selection and an optical imaging system. The method extends the dynamic range of the optical imager by extracting additional information from the detected light that is used to provide reconstructed contrast of smaller concentrations of chromophores. The light detected from tissue contains unique spectral information related to various components of the tissue. Using a reiterative calibration method, the acquired spectra and images are analyzed and displayed in near real time in such a manner as to characterize functional and structural information of the target tissue.

An apparatus for registering a series of video images of a spherical or quasi-spherical surface subject to movement relies on projecting at least four diffusely scattering spots of light on the surface in a preferred angular manner, and monitoring the movement of images of the light spots relative to a reference image of the light spots.

An alkali niobate-based piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramics sintered body including, as a main crystal phase, a perovskite type oxide containing at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K as A site constituent elements and at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of Nb and Ta as B site constituent elements. The number of lattice-strained layers of the piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramics sintered body is preferably small. A diffuse scattering intensity ratio, which is a ratio of an intensity of diffuse scattering by a lattice-strained layer present near a domain wall to a sum of an X-ray diffraction intensity of a first lattice plane and that of a second lattice plane different in interplanar spacing from the first lattice plane due to crystallographic symmetry reduction is preferably 0.5 or lower.

Line edge roughness or line width roughness of a feature on a sample may be determined from incident radiation scattered from the feature. An amount of ordered scattered radiation characterized by a discrete diffraction order is determined and a diffuse scattered radiation signal is measured. A ratio between an intensity of the ordered scattered incident radiation and an intensity of the diffuse scattered radiation signal is determined. The line edge roughness or line width roughness is determined from the ratio.

An apparatus and method for on-column analysis in flash chromatography. The detection scheme utilizes refractive index changes as analytes move through an illuminated region of a chromatography column. The column packing material is a diffuse scattering medium when the refractive index of the solvent is significantly different than that of the packing material. The magnitude of the signal depends on the degree to which the refractive index mismatch is changed as an analyte passes through the illuminated region. This detection scheme provides a simple, inexpensive means for monitoring the end of a flash chromatography column to determine the exit time of the species of interest, thus greatly reducing the post-column analysis time. Additionally, the detector is movable along the length of the column, offering the potential to monitor separations as they occur.

Biaxially oriented polyester films formed from a crystallizable polyester having increased diethylene glycol content and/or increased polyethylene glycol content, and/or increased isophthalic acid content, preferably polyethylene terephthalate. The films of the invention further include at least one IR-reflective pigment and one UV stabilizer. The inventive films feature adjustable mattness, diffuse scattering power for visible light, high light transmittance and IR reflectance and good thermoformability, and are suitable for thermally protective coatings or thermally protective packaging.

The invention discloses a laser projection system comprising a laser light source which emits laser beams of at least one color. The transmission light path of the laser beams includes a light homogenizing part which is used for receiving and homogenizing the laser beams; a light valve which is used for receiving the laser beams homogenized by the light homogenizing part and modulating the laser beams; a diffuse scattering phase plate which is arranged at the light incident surface side of the light homogenizing part and can increase the divergence angle of the beams; and a moving diffuser which is arranged at the light emergent surface side of the light homogenizing part and can greatly enhance the generation number of random phases, wherein the position of the moving diffuser is the object plane position of the light valve and the human eye integration effect is performed on the generated random phases so that the speckle effect of the projection frame can be weakened or eliminated to the greatest extent, and thus the speckle elimination effect and the display quality of the projection frame can be greatly enhanced.

The invention discloses an organic-inorganic hybrid film which comprises a light reflection layer, a photoconductive layer and a light diffusion layer or a photodiffusion layer arranged on the photoconductive layer, wherein the refractive index of the light diffusion layer or the photodiffusion layer is larger than that of the photoconductive layer, and the refractive index of photoconductive layer is larger than that of the light reflection layer. The film also comprises a substrate which is arranged under the light reflection layer, and the refractive index of the light reflection layer is larger than that of the substrate. The organic-inorganic hybrid film has the optical characteristics of photoconduction, total reflection and diffuse scattering, high mechanical strength and thicknessof 0.01-0.08mm. The total reflection characteristic of the film can effectively improve the utilization ratio of a backlight source; and a light guide plate and a reflecting plate in a traditional backlight module are combined into a whole, thereby achieving the purpose of thinness.

The invention provides a polarimetric SAR multi-component target decomposition method. According to the method, an additional diffuse scattering mechanism which may come from a terrain or rough surface is added as a fifth decomposition component on the basis of a previous four-component decomposition algorithm, namely, the linear weighted sum of five scattering components (odd scattering, even scattering, volume scattering, helicoid scattering and diffuse scattering) decomposed from a fully-polarimetric SAR coherence matrix T or covariance matrix C. The power of volume scattering is solved by an improved NNED method, and the contribution values of odd scattering, even scattering and diffuse scattering are directly solved by adopting corresponding odd scattering, even scattering and diffuse scattering models of a Pauli matrix directly and using a generalized similarity parameter GSP and eigenvalue decomposition. The novel method provided by the invention is conductive to improving the terrain classification accuracy of polarimetric SAR data.

An optical device has a first film (200) that has a first side and a second side. When illuminated by light (204) at the first side, the first film is characterized by a first fraction of broadly diffused transmitted light (206) and a second fraction of narrowly diffused transmitted light (208). A second film (202) is disposed to the second side of the first film. The second film has at least one free surface that diverts light. In some embodiments, the first film has a diffuse scattering optical density between 0.5 and 3. The device finds use in spreading and making light uniform in a backlight in a display such as a liquid crystal display.

The present utility model relates to the field of X-ray diffraction technology. With different combinations, the X-ray diffractometer in the utility model is enabled to have functions of powder diffraction measurement, double crystal diffraction measurement, mirror reflection measurement and diffuse scattering measurement, thus becoming a multi-functional X-ray diffractometer. Further, the X-ray diffractometer is fully automatic in operation, with data collection being under the control of a microcomputer; and is suitable for microstructure analysis of materials, especially for microstructure analysis of solid film materials. The X-ray diffractometer has convenient operation and stable performance, and the technical parameters thereof may meet a general demand in the research of epitaxial film. Also, the X-ray diffractometer is low in cost, and may provide experience for the reconstruction of a diffractometer of the same kind.

The invention discloses a calibrating method of a forward scattering type visibility meter. The calibrating method is characterized in that a plurality of standard measuring points of the forward scattering type visibility meter in a full scale are quantitatively simulated through combination of a diffuse scattering board and attenuation sheets with different transmittances, and a coefficient of the forward scattering type visibility meter is modified by using a modifier formula, and therefore, the forward scattering type visibility meter is calibrated. The calibrating method is applied to the calibration after the forward scattering type visibility meters are produced in batch and used for a long time; the coefficient of the forward scattering type visibility meter can be accurately, conveniently and rapidly modified, and thus the accuracy and consistency of the forward scattering type visibility meter are improved, and the difficulty that the forward scattering type visibility meter can not be rapidly and accurately calibrated indoors is solved. The calibrated forward scattering type visibility meter and a standard meter are experimentally compared, the measurement error of the visibility within 10kilometers is less than 10 percent, the measurement error of the visibility of more than 10 kilometers is less than 20 percent, and the forward scattering type visibility meter accords with the requirement of accuracy in requirements of functions and specifications of forward scattering type visibility meters issued by the China Meteorological Administration.

A display device comprising a pixel, where the pixel includes: (a) a polar fluid that is at least one of colored and black, (b) a non-polar fluid that is at least one of transparent and translucent, (c) a first substrate, (d) a second substrate arranged relative to the first substrate to define a channel occupied by the polar fluid and the non-polar fluid, wherein at least one of the polar fluid and the non-polar fluid is visible through at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate, (e) a reflector having a plurality of features, comprising at least one of concavities and projections, that alter an angle of reflected light from a specular reflection to provide the appearance of at least one of a diffuse reflection and a non-metallic reflection, where the reflector includes a hydrophobic coating causing the polar fluid that is at least one of colored and black to be non-wetting to the hydrophobic coating in the presence of the non-polar fluid, the display device also including a plurality of electrodes configured to cause repositioning of the polar fluid in the channel to displace at least a first portion of the non-polar fluid and a voltage source, where repositioning of the polar fluid occurs as a unified volume to retard reduced light reflection from the reflector in a portion of the channel where the polar fluid has been repositioned.

The invention relates to a diffuse scattering polyethylene greenhouse membrane and a preparation method thereof. The diffuse scattering polyethylene greenhouse membrane comprises an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer. The outer layer is a greenhouse membrane dripping layer, the middle layer is a greenhouse membrane thermal insulation layer and the inner layer is a greenhouse membrane long-life layer. The outer layer contains 6-7wt% of diffuse scattering master batches. The middle layer contains 2-3wt% of diffuse scattering master batches. The inner layer contains 1-2wt% of diffusescattering master batches. The diffuse scattering polyethylene greenhouse membrane has a dripping function and a diffuse scattering function and has a life the same to that of the agricultural membrane. The preparation method of the diffuse scattering polyethylene greenhouse membrane is scientific, reasonable, simple and easy.

A flux diffuser for radiometrically calibrating an imaging sensor using the sun as a calibration light source, the flux diffuser including a fiberglass cloth having input and output surfaces. The input surface receives solar irradiance, and the output surface provides diffused scattered light to a radiometer. A layer of mylar may be disposed on top of the input surface. A layer of PTFE or Spectralon™ may be disposed on top of the output surface, and another layer of mylar may be disposed on top of the layer of PTFE or Spectralon™.

The present invention provides a diffuse scattering film, a preparation method thereof and use thereof. The film includes a transparent polymer and organic light scattering particles uniformly distributed in the transparent polymer. The mass of the organic light scattering particles is not more than 5 wt% of the mass of the transparent polymer. The diffuse scattering film can effectively prevent leaves of crops in a greenhouse from being burnt when the light is too strong while maintaining high light transmittance and maintaining excellent illumination, and can ensure that the back of leaves can receive diffused light emitted by the film, thus increasing the photosynthesis efficiency of crops.

The invention provides a method and device for detecting the roughness of the inner surface of a micro-pore. The method comprises the steps that diffuse scattering luminous fluxes of different positions modulated through the rough surface intensity are collected so that the roughness can be evaluated; a non-linear relationship exists between the ratio of voltages generated by two sets of luminous fluxes and the roughness, a micro-pore with the known roughness is calibrated, the micro-pore to be detected is compared with a calibration value, and then the roughness of the micro-pore to be detected is detected. By the adoption of the method and device for detecting the roughness of the inner surface of the micro-pore, the problem that a sensor cannot extend into the micro-pore in the prior art is solved, the angle of the sensor can be changed flexibly and conveniently, the measurement accuracy is high, and efficiency is high.

The invention discloses a reflection-typed substrate which is a specular reflection-typed substrate for a biochip applied to the biological field, comprising a base and a chemical modification layer supporting and combining with biological molecules on the base; a film layer for reducing the diffuse scattering of a fluorescence signal is arranged between the base and the chemical modification layer supporting and combining with the biological molecules. In a condition that the chemical modification layer supporting and combining with the biological molecules of the reflection-typed substrate ensures combination capability between the substrate and the biological molecules (the combination capability is enhanced by the chemical modification layer to a certain extent), the arrangement of the film layer for reducing the diffuse scattering of the fluorescence signal further promotes the strength and flexibility of the signal when the biochip is used for detection, solves the situation that on a solid medium, the fluorescence signal scatters in a diffuse way towards each direction, causes the fluorescence signal of the marked biological molecules to reflect directionally and a biological signal with high contrast ratio, high signal strength and high flexibility to be obtained at a signal collection end (a photoelectric magnification tube (PMT) and matrix of charge coupled device (CCD)) of scanning equipment.

A method and a device for the optical distance measurement and for the optical detection of objects with an at least partially specular reflective surface (12) wherein light through the specular reflective surface (12) and a diffuse scattering at a reflector (4) is directed to light receiving means and detected there.