30results about How to "Reduce shot noise" patented technology

Apparatus, method, logic arrangement and storage medium are provided for increasing the sensitivity in the detection of optical coherence tomography and low coherence interferometry (“LCI”) signals by detecting a parallel set of spectral bands, each band being a unique combination of optical frequencies. The LCI broad bandwidth source can be split into N spectral bands. The N spectral bands can be individually detected and processed to provide an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of N. Each spectral band may be detected by a separate photo detector and amplified. For each spectral band, the signal can be band p3 filtered around the signal band by analog electronics and digitized, or, alternatively, the signal may be digitized and band pass filtered in software. As a consequence, the shot noise contribution to the signal is likely reduced by a factor equal to the number of spectral bands, while the signal amplitude can remain the same. The reduction of the shot noise increases the dynamic range and sensitivity of the system.

An apparatus and method are provided. In particular, at least one first electro-magnetic radiation may be provided to a sample and at least one second electro-magnetic radiation can be provided to a non-reflective reference. A frequency of the first and/or second radiations varies over time. An interference is detected between at least one third radiation associated with the first radiation and at least one fourth radiation associated with the second radiation. Alternatively, the first electro-magnetic radiation and/or second electro-magnetic radiation have a spectrum which changes over time. The spectrum may contain multiple frequencies at a particular time. In addition, it is possible to detect the interference signal between the third radiation and the fourth radiation in a first polarization state. Further, it may be preferable to detect a further interference signal between the third and fourth radiations in a second polarization state which is different from the first polarization state. The first and/or second electro-magnetic radiations may have a spectrum whose mean frequency changes substantially continuously over time at a tuning speed that is greater than 100 Tera Hertz per millisecond.

The invention provides an image sensing device and an operation method thereof. The image sensing device at least comprises a pixel array and a read-out circuit, wherein the pixel array comprises a plurality of sub arrays, each sub array comprises i*j pixel units, i is the number of rows, j is the number of columns, i is larger than or equal to two, j is larger than or equal to two, control grids of the pixel units in the same row are connected with the same work line, drain electrodes of the pixel units in the same row are connected with the same control line, source electrodes of the pixel units in the same column are connected with bit lines, the pixel units in the sub arrays become light-sensitive under the action of voltage of predetermined word lines and control lines and generate output currents of the i*j pixel units, the output currents are output to the read-out circuit through the bit lines, and the read-out circuit is used for collecting and averaging the output currents and converting the averaged currents into voltage to be output to an external circuit. The image sensing device and the operation method solve the problem that exposure time of the pixel units is not uniform, lower shot noise of an image and improve the visual effect of the image.

The invention discloses a high-resolution high-speed laser three-dimensional imaging system. The system comprises a laser (1), a grating (2), a scanning device (3), an angle amplifying lens (4), a receiving lens (5), a detector (6), a signal processor (7) and a scanning device driver (8), wherein the laser and the grating form a light source; the scanning device, the scanning device driver and theangle amplifying lens form an optical scanning system, so that the linear array point array laser scans a target area in a preset track; the receiving lens, the detector and the signal processor forman optical receiving system to receive echo light reflected by a target end to form a three-dimensional point cloud image of the target area. The system has the advantages of high dynamic, high resolution, low cost, low power consumption, miniaturization and the like, and overcomes the contradiction that the scanning speed of the traditional three-dimensional imaging system and the aperture of the receiving optical system as well as the image resolution and the image frame rate cannot be harmonized.

The invention provides a polarization error restraining device and method for a Y waveguide loop of an optical current transformer, and belongs to the field of optical sensing technologies. The Y waveguide loop is formed by a Y waveguide phase modulator and a polarization beam splitter. Two output tail fibers of the Y waveguide phase modulator are connected with two input tail fibers of the polarization beam splitter through a fusion point (1) and a fusion point (2) respectively. The two tail fibers connected through the fusion point (1) and the two tail fibers connected through the fusion point (2) form two arms of the Y waveguide loop respectively, the two arms of the Y waveguide loop are not equal in length, and the length difference of the arms is delta L. The input tail fiber of the Y waveguide phase modulator is connected with a circulator, and the output tail fiber of the polarization beam splitter is annularly connected with a polarization-maintaining delay optical fiber. Optical path losses can be further reduced, the shot noise of a detector is lowered, and the small current measurement precision of the transformer is improved. Through restraining the polarization errors of the Y waveguide loop, the stability of the small current measurement precision can be further improved.

A polarimeter based on coherent detection and a method for measuring the optical rotation of a polarized light beam by an optically active substance, while enabling the subtraction of background signals, are provided.

In an illustrative embodiment, watermark decoding reliability is increased, for images of watermarked objects captured at close distances, by reducing influence of pixel noise (e.g., shot noise). In the same or different embodiment, watermark decoding reliability is increased, for images of watermarked objects captured from far distances, by reducing image under-sampling. A particular implementation down-samples input imagery twice—a first time by a fixed factor, preparatory to performing an FFT, and a second time by a variable factor, preparatory to submitting the image for decoding, where the variable factor is determined using results from the FFT. A number of other features and arrangements are also detailed.

An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition is an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition including a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation and a resin capable of increasing polarity by the action of an acid, in which the resin includes a repeating unit represented by General Formula (B-1) and at least one halogen atom selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom and an iodine atom.

An imaging processing circuit includes at least a pixel sensor and a processing unit. The pixel sensor includes a photo detector and a storage capacitor. The photo detector is arranged for generating a first pixel signal. The storage capacitor is arranged for storing a second pixel signal. The processing unit is coupled to the pixel sensor, and arranged for generating an updated second pixel signal during a current operating cycle of the imaging processing circuit according to the first pixel signal and the second pixel signal. The updated second pixel signal is stored in the storage capacitor before a next operating cycle of the imaging processing circuit.

The invention discloses an organic tin-inorganic tin hybrid Sn18 type crystalline tin-oxygen cluster compound and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of inorganic chemistry. Substituted benzoic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, SnCl4. 5H2O and butylstannic acid are used as raw materials, acetonitrile, isopropanol and water are used as a mixed solvent, and three cases of organic tin-inorganic tin hybrid Sn18 type crystalline tin-oxygen cluster compounds are prepared through self-assembly reaction at 100 DEG C. The material disclosed by the invention has accurate structural information, high hydrophobicity and good stability, and is expected to be used as a novel tin-oxygen cluster material for preparing photoresist in an EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) photoetching technology. The raw materials are easy to obtain, the preparation method is simple, the yield is high, and low cost and high benefit can be realized.

A photosensitive composition for EUV light includes a resin X of which a polarity is increased by an action of an acid so that a solubility in an alkali developer is increased and a solubility in an organic solvent is decreased, and a photoacid generator; or a resin Y which includes a repeating unit having a photoacid generating group and of which a polarity is increased by an action of an acid so that a solubility in an alkali developer is increased and a solubility in an organic solvent is decreased, in which the photosensitive composition for EUV light satisfies both Requirement 1 and Requirement 2.

The invention relates to the field of aerial remote sensing imaging, in particular to a method and a device for suppressing shot noise of an aerial squint long-distance imaging remote sensing image. According to the method and the device, the same target on the ground is photographed for multiple times through an intra-frame multiple exposure method, multiple frames of images of the same target are obtained, time domain average processing is performed on the multiple frames of images to reduce shot noise of the images, the shot noise influence of the images can be effectively reduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the images is improved; meanwhile, the contradiction between the small pixel size and the large full-well electron number demand in the model selection of the aviation squint remote sensing image detector is solved, the limit distance of imaging detection can be effectively increased, and the detection of a smaller target background reflectivity difference target is realized.