A video monitoring quantum encryption system disclosed by the present invention comprises a data sending module and a data receiving module, the data sending module comprises a data collection unit, a data noise reduction processing unit, a data copying unit, a data compression unit and a data encryption unit, and the data encryption unit comprises a data protection unit and a quantum encryption unit. The data receiving module comprises a judgment unit, a data receiving unit, a data decryption unit and a data decompression unit. By arranging the data noise reduction processing unit and the data compression unit, the memory size in the data encryption transmission process can be reduced, the transmission speed of the encrypted data is further ensured, the data copying unit is further installed, batch encryption transmission of the data can be achieved, data cracking transmission is avoided. In addition, due to the arrangement of the data protection unit, the corresponding data are destroyed when the data are interfered and intercepted by a third party, and then data leakage is avoided.