The invention provides an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing receiving system and an automatic gain control method. The antenna of the system is connected with a band-pass filter, a radio frequency gain amplifier, an orthogonal demodulator, a baseband gain amplifier, a first digital-to-analog converter, a decoder, a frame alignement judging device, an automatic gain controller, a signal power processor, a second digital-to-analog converter, a ogarithmic detector, a band-pass filter in turn, wherein the automatic gain controller is respectively connected with the baseband gain amplifier, the radio frequency gain amplifier, while the first digital-to-analog converter is connected with the frame alignement judging device. The gain control method is that the receiver carries the logarithm demodulation on the received signals, to control the system gain according to the power detecting result and the state of the two modules of frame synchronization and the decoder, to reach the aim of correctly adjusting the system gain. The invention has high detecting precision, small computation complexity, short response time, which is suitable to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing receiving system and can effectively increase the significant figure of the analog-to-digital converter.