38 results about "Fire propagation" patented technology

The invention provides a fire early warning and intelligent fire extinguishing method based on image recognition. The fire early warning and intelligent fire extinguishing method comprises the steps that a camera network is used for covering a target monitoring area, flame and smoke characteristic parameters are input, noise is removed through image preprocessing, and image data are standardized. A heat source point is selected as a camera installation position in combination with a fire propagation mode, and layout is optimized. And calling image data, performing real-time analysis based on a dynamic flame sequence, extracting abnormal response, calculating a fire risk value by using a mode recognition algorithm, and generating peak fire probability data. And collecting real-time fire characteristic data, comparing the data with a risk value after filtering and noise reduction, and setting multi-level threshold values to generate an alarm result. And analyzing a false alarm reason, optimizing the position of the camera and the starting condition of the fire extinguishing device, and generating a fire risk and fire extinguishing efficiency report. According to the invention, the accuracy and timeliness of fire early warning can be improved, the false alarm rate is reduced, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is enhanced.

The invention discloses a forest-town junction region fire dynamic early warning method based on multi-source data assimilation, and the method comprises the following steps: inputting collected multi-source observation data into a fire risk prediction model for training, and outputting a fire risk grid map covering the whole forest-town junction region for monitoring a high-risk building group; constructing a fire spreading numerical model covering multi-material, multi-scale and multi-physical mechanism coupling; a fire propagation characteristic quantitative model is constructed, and the building heat influence is evaluated; and constructing a data assimilation and fire dynamic prediction model, and dynamically predicting and outputting fire spreading parameters and a spreading trend chart. According to the method, a forest-building-oriented complex scene is constructed, and propagation behaviors of flames under multiple mechanisms of convection, radiation and conduction are effectively described; through the modes of risk identification, dynamic simulation, data assimilation, visual early warning and the like, the precision, response speed and engineering applicability of forest-town boundary region fire prediction are remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a fire situation analysis method based on multi-dimensional data fusion, and particularly relates to the field of fire image analysis, and the method comprises the steps: analyzing the change of the direction retention rate between adjacent frames through extracting the main direction texture vectors of a building and a vegetation region, and recognizing object state change candidate segments; in the candidate area, combining main direction disturbance and image definition reduction to construct a spatial scoring graph, performing nonlinear amplification on the spatial scoring graph, and extracting a gradient increasing path to generate a structure damage main path set; then calculating a directional included angle between paths and a space coincidence rate, constructing a trend consistency aggregation channel graph, and extracting a spreading principal axis; and finally, superposing a temperature rise area in the thermal infrared image with a spreading principal axis, extracting a dual response area to generate a fire behavior boundary prediction layer, and realizing fire behavior spreading path prediction based on fire scene related image structure damage information analysis.

The invention discloses a transformer substation fire risk dynamic assessment method, which comprises the following steps: constructing a transformer substation digital twin model according to the live information of a transformer substation; constructing a transformer substation fire risk deduction model according to a fire propagation mechanism and the live information; and generating substation fire risk assessment information according to fire deduction information output by the substation fire risk deduction model. By adopting the transformer substation fire risk dynamic assessment method, the current data of the transformer substation can be collected and analyzed in real time to dynamically assess and predict the fire risk, the fire risk management and prevention and control level of the transformer substation is remarkably improved, and the operation requirements of the transformer substation for high reliability and high safety are met.

The invention relates to the technical field of fire alarm, and discloses a self-adaptive threshold fire-fighting buzzer alarm method and system based on fuzzy logic, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, environment data collection; s2, data preprocessing; s3, performing fuzzy processing; s4, performing fuzzy reasoning and alarm threshold calculation; s5, optimizing an alarm threshold value; s6, real-time feedback and dynamic adjustment: according to the real-time fire suppression result and the environment change data, adjusting an alarm threshold to form a dynamic feedback mechanism; s7, applying a fire propagation model; and S8, alarm execution. By adopting distributed data storage, redundant backup, encryption technology and automatic data management, efficient and safe data processing, reliable data recovery and accurate alarm decision are realized, and the response speed and stability of the system are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel catastrophe, and particularly relates to an intelligent feedback type tunnel catastrophe monitoring method, which comprises the following steps of: 1, deploying a tunnel monitoring system; a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, an air velocity sensor and a gas concentration sensor are arranged in the tunnel; the temperature sensor is used for monitoring temperature changes in the tunnel. According to the intelligent feedback type tunnel catastrophe monitoring method, the safety and the emergency response capability of the tunnel are effectively improved through real-time data monitoring and analysis and an automatic control mechanism. Firstly, through temperature, smoke, gas concentration and air velocity sensors, the system can detect and identify potential catastrophe risks in a tunnel in time, such as fire, smoke diffusion and harmful gas leakage. Once an abnormality occurs, the system performs catastrophe prediction through an algorithm model, and performs accurate evaluation on a fire propagation path and smoke diffusion in combination with a simulation analysis result, thereby providing reliable data support for quick response.

The invention discloses a scene preprocessing method for fire simulation, and relates to the technical field of building fire simulation, and the method comprises the steps: calculating a three-dimensional thermal weight through employing a fire propagation dynamics model, and generating a fire dangerous region thermal diagram; through a tensor field generation algorithm, fire behavior main diffusion direction and each axial anisotropic parameter are extracted, and fire behavior grid parameters are generated; through a hybrid grid generator, performing hexahedron dominant grid construction and increasing the grid density of a fire behavior dangerous area to obtain a fire behavior optimization hybrid grid; performing Reynolds number verification and boundary layer matching on the fire behavior optimization hybrid grid through a fire behavior feature adaptive algorithm, and performing iterative correction to generate a fire simulation correction grid; according to the invention, through the hybrid grid generator, the self-adaptive distribution of the grid density of the fire hazard area and the smooth connection of the transition area are realized, so that the grid distribution of the fire hazard area is accurately matched with the fire spreading characteristics.

The invention provides a chemical industrial park fire spreading prediction method and system. The method comprises the following steps: dividing a grid chart structure of a target chemical industrial park space structure into a plurality of function partition sub-graphs; determining a fire propagation flux of a shared node in an overlapping region between every two adjacent function zone sub-graphs, converting each function zone sub-graph into a macro-scale sub-graph, and determining a fire propagation macro-situation of the target chemical industrial park; according to the fire propagation flux and the fire propagation macroscopic situation, determining a fire front edge envelope line of each area, thereby constructing a fire propagation prediction model of the target chemical industry park, inputting fire initial environment data into the fire propagation prediction model, and outputting a fire propagation prediction result. And automatically triggering a fire alarm signal of the target park according to a fire spreading prediction result. By adopting the scheme of the application, the fire spreading of the target chemical industrial park can be predicted by combining the dynamic fire interaction among the areas in the target chemical industrial park.

The invention relates to the field of fire risk analysis, in particular to a building fire monitoring control and fire risk studying and judging method. The method comprises the following steps: collecting building personnel flow information, carrying out density distribution calculation, and constructing a building density distribution diagram; performing inter-floor personnel migration state analysis on the building density distribution diagram to obtain people flow trajectory fluctuation characteristics; obtaining multi-dimensional environment monitoring data in the building, and performing people flow density interference correction based on the people flow trajectory fluctuation characteristics to obtain corrected environment monitoring parameters; performing real-time environment condition analysis and fire propagation situation mining based on the corrected environment monitoring parameters to obtain a potential fire propagation situation path; and fire risk coefficient calculation is carried out based on the potential fire propagation situation path, dynamic evacuation planning is carried out, and collaborative fire risk control operation is executed. By accurately and efficiently predicting the fire risk, the optimal risk avoidance scheme is planned for different building floors, and the building safety is improved.

The invention discloses a cabin multi-dimensional fire simulation method and system for fire personnel training, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the modeling of a cabin, generating a digital twinborn body of the cabin, carrying out the initialization, and constructing a thermal fluid dynamic field, the digital twinborn body comprises a cabin geometric structure, a combustible material distribution condition and a linkage control interface of fire fighting equipment, and the cabin geometric structure is divided into a plurality of grids; fire information is obtained in real time through a sensor arranged in a cabin and mapped to the corresponding position of the digital twinborn body, a dynamic fire evolution cognitive model used for describing dynamic fire evolution is set, and the dynamic fire evolution cognitive model comprises a thermochemical reaction potential operator and a space coupling operator of flame propagation; and simulating the combustion condition of each grid through a dynamic fire evolution cognitive model, generating a final digital twinborn body, mapping the final digital twinborn body to virtual reality equipment, and completing fire training in a cabin by a user through the virtual reality equipment.

The invention discloses a corrosion-resistant flame-retardant cable and a preparation process thereof, and belongs to the technical field of cables. The corrosion-resistant flame-retardant cable provided by the invention is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 45 to 55 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 30 to 40 parts of polyphenylene sulfide, 4 to 6 parts of boron nitride nanosheets, 2 to 4 parts of functional filler, 12 to 18 parts of maleic anhydride grafted SEBS (Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene), 6 to 10 parts of flame retardant and 0.3 to 0.8 part of initiator. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, polyphenylene sulfide, boron nitride nanosheets and functional filler, then adding maleic anhydride grafted SEBS and a flame retardant, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix; and finally, adding the premix and the dispersing agent into an extruder for extrusion granulation, and cooling, curing and shaping the extruded cable material to obtain the corrosion-resistant flame-retardant cable. According to the corrosion-resistant flame-retardant cable provided by the invention, the corrosion path can be prolonged, the corrosion resistance is improved, a PO. Natural base quenching combustion chain is generated through red phosphorus, the flame propagation rate is greatly reduced, and the flame retardance is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of forestry fire alarm, and discloses a forestry environment monitoring system for fire alarm. An environment sensing module of the system collects multi-dimensional environment parameters of a forest region in real time by means of a distributed sensor network. The fire danger feature extraction module carries out multi-scale feature fusion on the parameters, key fire danger features are extracted, and a three-dimensional fire danger feature tensor is generated. The fire propagation deduction module constructs a fire propagation dynamic model according to the forest terrain digital elevation model and historical fire data, and inputs a fire characteristic tensor to calculate a fire diffusion rate and a direction angle. And the monitoring strategy optimization module dynamically adjusts the sampling frequency and the space density of the sensor according to the fire diffusion rate, and starts an infrared spectrum scanning mode for a high-diffusion-rate region. And the emergency response triggering module generates a multi-stage linkage control instruction set containing unmanned aerial vehicle inspection path planning and a fire barrier activation scheme when the fire diffusion rate exceeds a preset threshold value.

This application provides a method for optimizing the fire resistance design of cables in energy storage systems, comprising: obtaining flame propagation data from cable bundle laying by simulating a high-temperature thermal shock environment and collecting protective layer collaborative performance indicators to obtain initial fire resistance performance evaluation results; extracting conductor exposure risk-related features from the optimized layer structure design scheme, using a random forest algorithm to analyze potential short-circuit fire paths, and obtaining a risk prediction model; collecting multi-point fire source test feedback from the enhanced fire barrier configuration to determine the flame propagation suppression effect, and obtaining verified cable fire resistance performance indicators; deriving emergency time improvement paths from the final collaborative protection deployment scheme and obtaining actual energy storage system integration data to determine the overall fire barrier morphological stability, and obtaining complete cable design output.

As part of the search for innovative and sustainable solutions for the design and construction of road pavement, the present invention consists of a continuous structure that challenges conventional maintenance paradigms. The design of the invention, which is based on an elastic and disruptive mechanistic approach, incorporates nano-cracks to improve the strength and durability of the pavement. The invention uses H30 reinforced concrete with A630-420H steel in a central mesh. This pavement is suited to different levels of traffic by means of the variation in the thickness and reinforcement of frameworks, which are installed on a continuous levelling H5 concrete grid, having a thickness that varies depending on the characteristics of the subgrade, ensuring a pavement-ground structure with structural integrity. This approach also includes features such as chamfers on the surface that prevents the edge from breaking due to the load of road traffic, ensuring its structural integrity under different traffic conditions and not requiring maintenance. In 2011, the first generation (1G) invention patent CL47.313 (José Pablo Fernández, 03 November 2008) was granted for a continuous pavement structure with an elastic and disruptive mechanistic design with nano-cracks, in ports, airports and roads, with a double continuous upper and lower mesh, and reinforcing bars at the edges. To date, a third generation invention patent has been applied for which relates to a continuous road pavement structure with a disruptive and elastic mechanistic design with nano-cracks, which is more efficient with a central mesh having a longitudinal framework at 100 mm and a transverse framework at 200 mm, and without reinforcing bars at the edges, for average traffic with a pavement thickness of 100 mm. The invention is used as a firebreak that prevents fire propagation and allows evacuation and access for rescuers and firefighters.

The application discloses a unified probability propagation prediction method and system suitable for WUI fire, and the method comprises the following steps: constructing a unified state space and discretizing; constructing an external driving model of building layer fire propagation; constructing a building layer dynamic Bayesian network with each building as a node, parameterizing a conditional probability table of the building layer dynamic Bayesian network based on a physical driving mechanism; establishing a mapping relationship between an internal state of the building layer and an external observation category; realizing state correction and rolling prediction based on Bayesian updating; when external observation is obtained, the system state is updated based on Bayesian updating in combination with observation information, a posterior state distribution is obtained, the posterior state distribution is taken as an initial state of the next time step prediction, a rolling assimilation closed loop is formed, and finally a multi-state probability risk field of building scale evolution over time is output. The application can realize unified coupling of a landscape, a building and a flying fire, obtain state probability output over time, and can be assimilated and corrected.

The present application relates to the technical field of liquid fire experiment, more particularly, to a correction method and device for liquid fire spread speed based on ambient temperature, wherein the fuel density, surface tension coefficient and maximum temperature of surface flow are obtained, and the three unknown quantities are substituted into the expression of surface flow speed; then, the parameters of the expression are inversely solved according to the data of reference experiment, and the relationship between the liquid fire spread speed and ambient temperature is obtained, so as to realize the correction of the error caused by the difference between the ambient temperature of subsequent experiment and that of reference experiment. The whole process is fast and convenient, and the correction relationship of the present application has good correction effect after verification, which can effectively eliminate the error caused by ambient temperature and solve the problem that the liquid fire spread speed is not corrected in the prior art.

The invention aims to provide a rapid fire extinguishing system and method for new energy automobile fire disasters. The rapid fire extinguishing system comprises a linkage controller, a telescopic fire protection heat shield, a liquid spraying unit, a collecting assembly, a liquid discharging assembly, a sound-light alarm assembly and a communication assembly. Wherein the telescopic fire protection heat shield is electrically connected with the linkage controller and is used for stretching out and drawing back according to an instruction sent by the linkage controller, so that a liquid blocking cofferdam is formed around a vehicle to be extinguished; the liquid spraying unit is arranged on the telescopic fire protection heat insulation cover and sprays liquid to the vehicle to be extinguished in the liquid blocking cofferdam to extinguish fire. According to the invention, a total-flooding fire extinguishing strategy is formed, and the vehicle on fire is soaked in the fire extinguishing agent, so that secondary re-combustion and fire propagation to surrounding buildings and vehicles are prevented, and the purpose of efficient and rapid fire extinguishing is achieved.

The invention discloses a flame-retardant electrolyte, an electrolyte injection process and a lithium ion battery, the flame-retardant electrolyte comprises: a basic electrolyte, the basic electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent; a cross-linking agent, wherein the cross-linking agent is triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; the flame retardant is 1, 3, 3, 5, 5-pentafluoro-1-ethyoxyl-cyclotriphosphazene, and the flame retardant is 1, 3, 3, 5, 5-pentafluoro-1-ethyoxyl-cyclotriphosphazene; the initiator is azodiisobutyronitrile, and the mass ratio of the initiator to the cross-linking agent is 1: (40-50). According to the flame-retardant electrolyte, through the synergistic effect of the flame retardant and the cross-linking agent, combustion free radicals can be captured to interrupt flame propagation, a three-dimensional gel network can be formed to block heat transfer, meanwhile, the lithium ion conduction efficiency and cycling stability are ensured by optimizing the ratio of the initiator to the cross-linking agent, and the balance of battery safety and electrochemical performance is achieved; and the compatibility with the existing lithium ion battery production process is good, and special equipment does not need to be additionally introduced.

The present invention relates to a thermoplastic resin composition, a method for preparing the same, and a molded article comprising the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to: a thermoplastic resin composition comprising 32.5 wt% to 49 wt% of a polymer (a), 7 wt% to 20.5 wt% of a ceramic-forming binder (b), 6.5 wt% to 20.5 wt% of a ceramic-forming metal precursor (c), 13 wt% to 37 wt% of a ceramic-forming non-metal precursor (d), and 2 wt% to 8 wt% of a flame retardant (e); methods of making the same; comprising the same. According to the present invention, the present invention has the effects of providing a thermoplastic resin composition having excellent flame retardancy and electrical insulation properties, and having excellent flame retardancy during thermal runaway by forming ceramics and retarding flame propagation at a high temperature and in the case of flame generation, thereby being capable of securing property and life safety, and having excellent flame retardancy during thermal runaway. The method is environment-friendly; methods of making the same; and a molded article including the same.

The utility model relates to screen cloth with good wear resistance, which belongs to the technical field of screen cloth and comprises a woven screen cloth layer main body, breathable meshes are formed on the woven screen cloth layer main body, breathable fireproof layers are fixedly mounted at the top and the bottom of the woven screen cloth layer main body, and the breathable fireproof layers are used for blocking flame propagation. One side of the fireproof layer is fixedly connected with a breathable sunscreen layer used for resisting ultraviolet rays, one side of the breathable sunscreen layer is fixedly provided with a double-layer wear-resisting layer used for resisting wear, the breathable fireproof layer comprises woven fireproof surface layers, and the woven fireproof surface layers are fixedly installed at the top and the bottom of the woven mesh cloth layer body respectively; the woven fireproof surface layer is provided with first ventilation holes, the first ventilation holes correspond to the ventilation mesh holes, the bottom and the top of the woven fireproof surface layer are both coated with flame-retardant coating, and the mesh cloth with the good wear resistance has the advantages of being good in wear resistance, capable of blocking sun and fire and high in practicability.

The utility model discloses an experimental device for restraining and extinguishing a lithium ion battery fire through cooperation of perfluorohexanone and water mist, and belongs to the technical field of fire experiments. A perfluorohexanone and water mist synergistic lithium ion battery fire suppression experiment device comprises an experiment box and a nozzle, and further comprises a heating plate embedded and fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the experiment box; the material storage tank is arranged on one side of the experiment box, a pump body is fixedly connected to the experiment box, the spray head is connected with the output end of the pump body, a water inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the input end of the pump body, a three-way pipe is fixedly connected to the water inlet pipe, and the two ends of the three-way pipe are connected with the material storage tank and the output end of the pump body respectively; according to the utility model, the perfluorohexanone can effectively interrupt the flame propagation process and reduce the generation of free radicals, so that the combustion reaction is inhibited, the water mist is used for cooling the battery and preventing the lithium battery from re-combustion and temperature rebound, and the fire can be efficiently extinguished under the synergistic effect of the perfluorohexanone and the water mist.

The invention discloses a multipoint forest fire fault propagation blocking method, device and equipment and a medium, and relates to the field of power system safety protection. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a system model of propagation of multi-point mountain fire in a physical layer and an information layer of a power grid based on physical layer fire propagation, information layer control failure and a cross-layer feedback mechanism; a forest fire is used as an attacker, a power grid operation and maintenance party is used as a defense party, and a defense-attack-recovery three-stage game model is constructed based on the game theory; based on the system model and the three-stage game model, game optimization is carried out by adopting a reinforcement learning optimization method with the minimum load loss as the target of a defense party and the maximum load loss as the target of an attack party, and optimal attack and defense resource configuration is obtained; and under the optimal attack and defense resource configuration, performing traversal repair on the broken power transmission line based on the recovery resource and the recovery budget. Multi-point forest fire fault propagation in the whole process from prevention to recovery can be effectively blocked, and the overall toughness of the system is improved.

The present disclosure relates to a photovoltaic array fire spreading blocking device, comprising: a frame body and a blocking component; the frame body has mounting positions for connecting photovoltaic arrays, and each photovoltaic array is provided with at least one frame body along any edge thereof; wherein when the number of photovoltaic arrays is one or more non-continuous laying and there is a channel between two adjacent photovoltaic arrays, the blocking component comprises a first blocking piece and a third blocking piece; when the number of photovoltaic arrays is multiple and continuous laying, the blocking component comprises a first blocking piece, a second blocking piece, a third blocking piece and a fourth blocking piece; the blocking device can block a plurality of photovoltaic arrays, to a certain extent, slow down the flame spreading speed when a certain photovoltaic array catches fire, and provide time support for personnel to take fire-fighting measures.

The invention relates to a supporting composite material for a low-temperature storage tank and a forming method thereof, the supporting composite material comprises a composite material laminated wood body and a flame-retardant fireproof layer arranged on the surface of the composite material laminated wood body, and the composite material laminated wood body is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of epoxy resin, 30-60 parts of a curing agent and 100-200 parts of glass fiber; the flame-retardant fireproof layer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of epoxy resin, 30 to 60 parts of curing agent, 80 to 150 parts of glass fiber, 10 to 50 parts of inorganic filler and 5 to 10 parts of thermal insulation material. During use, the flame-retardant fireproof layers are manually coated on the two sides of the composite material laminated wood body, so that the surface flame spreading rate of a supporting composite material reaches 6, flame spreading is effectively prevented, the fire resistance is improved, and the composite material laminated wood body can keep mechanical strength and does not deform in structure for a long time under the conditions of high temperature and flame; and longer rescue and fire prevention time is won for the low-temperature storage tank, and the safety is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of silicon dioxide flame-retardant coatings, in particular to a nano silicon dioxide modified flame-retardant coating which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 70 to 90 parts of waterborne polyurethane emulsion, 5 to 20 parts of functionalized nano silicon dioxide, 0.3 to 1 part of dispersing agent, 0.1 to 0.5 part of flatting agent and 0.1 to 0.3 part of defoaming agent, according to the nano silicon dioxide modified flame-retardant coating, the high length-diameter ratio gt of wormlike mesoporous silicon dioxide; according to the present invention, the ratio of the components is 10: 1, the components are interlocked in the coating to form the physical barrier, the flame propagation path is prolonged, the pore size is 10-20 nm, the high specific surface area loading site can be provided, the aging resistance is substantially improved, and the carbon layer density is at least improved by 3 times.

To provide battery thermal management members and systems which have durability, handleability, resistance to heat propagation and fire propagation, and favorable properties for compressibility, compressional resilience, and compliance.SOLUTION: A battery thermal management member comprises a first heat protection layer, and at least one resilient layer containing one or more organic materials. The first heat protection layer has a thermal conductivity less than about 65 mW / mK. The at least one heat protection layer maintains at least one surface of the resilient layer below a decomposition temperature of at least one of the organic materials.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 11

The application provides a battery module multistage pressure relief-explosion suppression-fire resistance guide and discharge device, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery safety protection and explosion prevention. The device comprises a battery module box, a connecting pipe and a gas treatment pressure relief box. The inner cavity of the battery module box is provided with a plurality of single lithium batteries. The top of each single lithium battery is provided with a battery pressure relief valve. The top of the inner cavity of the battery module box is provided with a gas flow guide mechanism. The gas outlet end of the battery pressure relief valve is in communication with the gas flow guide mechanism. One end of the connecting pipe is in communication with the gas flow guide mechanism. The gas treatment pressure relief box is provided with a cyclone condensing mechanism, a free radical weakening mechanism and a fire resistance pressure relief mechanism. The cyclone condensing mechanism is in communication with the free radical weakening mechanism. The free radical weakening mechanism is in communication with the fire resistance pressure relief mechanism. The end of the connecting pipe, which is away from the gas flow guide mechanism, is in communication with the cyclone condensing mechanism. The device reduces the risk of flame propagation and explosion, and improves the safety of the mine lithium battery system in a limited space.

A transparent flame-retardant sheet having a high chlorine content is provided. The transparent flame-retardant sheet is made of a polyvinyl chloride composition that includes 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride raw material component, 0.1 to 1 parts by weight of at least one carbon forming agent, and 2 to 5 parts by weight of at least one heat stabilizer. The polyvinyl chloride raw material component includes a polyvinyl chloride raw material and a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride raw material in a content ratio of 1:1.22 to 1:4. Therefore, the transparent flame-retardant sheet has a fire propagation index (FPI) of less than 6 and a smoke damage index (SDI) of less than 0.4 according to the FM4910 standard under the condition of having a thickness of 5 mm.

This description relates to a thermoplastic resin composition, a method for producing the same, and a molded article containing the same, and more particularly to a thermoplastic resin composition characterized by comprising (a) 32.5 to 49% by weight of a polymer, (b) 7 to 20.5% by weight of a ceramic-forming binder, (c) 6.5 to 20.5% by weight of a ceramic-forming metal precursor, (d) 13 to 37% by weight of a ceramic-forming nonmetal precursor, and (e) 2 to 8% by weight of a flame retardant, a method for producing the same, and a molded article containing the same. According to the present invention, a thermoplastic resin composition, a method for producing the same, and a molded article containing the same are provided, which are excellent in flame retardancy and electrical insulation, and also have excellent flame delay characteristics during thermal runaway by forming ceramics at ultra-high temperatures and when flames are generated, thereby delaying flame propagation, thus ensuring safety for property and human life, and are environmentally friendly.

A battery device (3) is provided. The battery device comprises a casing having a plurality of sides (10a-10f) including a bottom side, a top side opposite to said bottom side, two lateral sides, a front side, and a rear side opposite to said front side, wherein the plurality of sides are assembled to form a sealed container, and a battery cell pack (20) located within the sealed container. The casing comprises at least one outlet (31) arranged at at least one of the plurality of sides. The sealed container is configured to prevent heated gases generated upon a malfunction of the battery cell pack from escaping the casing except via the at least one outlet. The battery device further comprises a filter (13) arranged at said at least one outlet for limiting at least flames from escaping the casing, and terminals for connection of the battery device to a load, another battery device or an external power source, arranged at the front side, and wherein said at least one outlet is arranged at the rear side of the casing.