40 results about "Hydrogen flux" patented technology

This invention relates to a start-up method for oxidation-state hydrocracking catalyst used in oil refinery process. The method comprises: loading the oxidation-state hydrocracking catalyst into a reactor, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the reactor and pipelines, pressurizing to meet the pressure requirement of hydrocracking, switching to hydrogen after nitrogen flow is stable, raising the temperature of the catalyst bed to meet the temperature requirement of catalyst reduction after hydrogen flow is stable, keeping the temperature, adjusting the temperature of the catalyst bed to meet the temperature requirement of hydrocracking, adjusting hydrogen flux to meet the flux requirement of hydrocracking, and introducing hydrocarbon reactants. The method does not need pre-sulfurization of the catalyst with additional sulfurization agent, thus can avoid the problems caused by pre-sulfurization, and partially reduced catalyst has higher hydrocracking activity.

The invention discloses a fuel cell engine system, comprising a fuel cell stack, a distribution assembly, a hydrogen supply unit, an air supply unit, a cooling unit and a heat exchanger, wherein a humidifier of the air supply unit is omitted; the hydrogen supply unit comprises a hydrogen reflux part; the hot end of the heat exchanger is air fluid while the cold end of the heat exchanger is provided with two independent fluids, namely a hydrogen fluid and a cooling cycle fluid; the hot end inlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a vent of an air compressor while the hot end outlet is connected with an air inlet of the fuel cell stack; the two fluid inlets of the cold end of the heat exchange are respectively connected with a control valve outlet of a hydrogen storage tank outlet and a cooling cycle pump outlet; the two fluid outlets of the cold end of the heat exchanger are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack hydrogen inlet and cooling cycle pump inlet. The fuel cell engine system has the beneficial effects that the air cooler and the hydrogen preheater are combined, and hydrogen flux is used for replacing the air side humidifier, thus simplifying the system, reducing the size and weight of the parts, and reducing the system energy consumption.

A hydrogen permeable composition having a porous ceramic substrate, and a two part membrane adhered thereto. The two part membrane has a metal powder part and a ceramic oxide part, with the metal powder part being Ni, Pd, Pd alloys, Nb, Ta, Zr, V or mixtures thereof. The oxide part is yttria stabilized zirconia, shrinkable alumina, suitably doped cerates, titanate, zirconates of barium or strontium or mixtures thereof, and the hydrogen flux is at least 20 cm3 per minute-cm2 at 500° C. in a 100% hydrogen atmosphere. A paste method of forming the composition is disclosed. A method of extracting hydrogen from a gas is also disclosed.

Atomic hydrogen flux impinging on the surface of a growing layer of III-V compounds during VCSEL processing can prevent three-dimensional growth and related misfit dislocations. Use of hydrogen during semiconductor processing can allow, for example, more indium in InGaAs quantum wells grown on GaAs. Atomic hydrogen use can also promote good quality growth at lower temperatures, which makes nitrogen incorporated in a non-segregated fashion producing better material. Quantum wells and associated barriers layers can be grown to include nitrogen (N), aluminum (Al), antimony (Sb), and / or indium (In) placed within or about a typical GaAs substrate to achieve long wavelength VCSEL performance, e.g., within the 1260 to 1650 nm range.

In one embodiment, a membrane of proton-electron conducting ceramics that is useful for the conversion of a hydrocarbon and steam to hydrogen has a porous support of M′-Sr1-z′M″z′Ce1-x′-y′Zrx′M′″y′O3-δ, Al2O3, mullite, ZrO2, CeO2 or any mixtures thereof where: M′ is Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, W, Zn, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd, alloys thereof or mixtures thereof; M″ is Ba, Ca, Mg, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, or Yb; M′″ is Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, W, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, or Yb; z′ is 0 to about 0.5; x′ is 0 to about 0.5; y′ is 0 to about 0.5; and x′+y′>0; for example, Ni—SrCe1-x′Zrx′O3-δ, where x′ is about 0.1 to about 0.3. The porous support is coated with a film of a Perovskite-type oxide of the formula SrCe1-x-yZrxMyO3-δ where M is at least one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, W, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb, x is 0 to about 0.15 and y is about 0.1 to about 0.3. By including the Zr and M in the oxide in place of Ce, the stability can be improved while maintaining sufficient hydrogen flux for efficient generation of hydrogen. In this manner, the conversion can be carried out by performing steam methane reforming (SMR) and / or water-gas shift reactions (WGS) at high temperature, where the conversion of CO to CO2 and H2 is driven by the removal of H2 to give high conversions. Methods of preparing the membrane cells and a system for use of the membrane cells to prepare hydrogen are presented. A method for sequestering CO2 by reaction with methane or other hydrocarbon catalyzed by the novel membrane to form a syngas is also presented.

A hydrogen flux control device for hydrogen storage container, used for control flux of the hydrogen storage container by control the temperature. The invention includes a heating device which is linked to a heat source fuel storage plot by a transmitting pipeline, and a catalyst bed where heat source fuel is sent, for heating the hydrogen storage jar, a purger for sending air to the hydrogen storage jar, and a controller which controls the heating device and purger according to the temperature signal received, by these to control the temperature and hydrogen flux in hydrogen storage container, the controller has linkage a parameter setup unit for designing and storing each control parameter in the working course of controller.

In a semiconductor pressure sensor element, a first hydrogen permeation protection film is provided on a principal surface side of a first silicon substrate, and a second hydrogen permeation protection film is provided on a principal surface side of a second silicon substrate. The permeation paths of the hydrogen fluxes shown by the arrows A and B in FIG. 9 are blocked by the films. Also, a trench surrounding a reference pressure chamber is provided, and the first hydrogen permeation protection film and a third hydrogen permeation protection film are joined at the bottom portion of the trench, thereby blocking the permeation path of the hydrogen flux shown by the arrow C in FIG. 9. Furthermore, by providing a hydrogen storage chamber, hydrogen is trapped before the hydrogen reaches the reference pressure chamber.

The invention discloses a fuel cell engine system, comprising a fuel cell stack, a distribution assembly, a hydrogen supply unit, an air supply unit, a cooling unit and a heat exchanger, wherein a humidifier of the air supply unit is omitted; the hydrogen supply unit comprises a hydrogen reflux part; the hot end of the heat exchanger is air fluid while the cold end of the heat exchanger is provided with two independent fluids, namely a hydrogen fluid and a cooling cycle fluid; the hot end inlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a vent of an air compressor while the hot end outlet is connected with an air inlet of the fuel cell stack; the two fluid inlets of the cold end of the heat exchange are respectively connected with a control valve outlet of a hydrogen storage tank outlet and a cooling cycle pump outlet; the two fluid outlets of the cold end of the heat exchanger are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack hydrogen inlet and cooling cycle pump inlet. The fuel cell engine system has the beneficial effects that the air cooler and the hydrogen preheater are combined, and hydrogen flux is used for replacing the air side humidifier, thus simplifying the system, reducing the size and weight of the parts, and reducing the system energy consumption.

Hydrogen selective coatings, coated articles and methods for their formation and for hydrogen separation or purification. The coatings are formed by atomic layer deposition of suitable metal oxides with desirable hydrogen activation energy or hydrogen flux, e.g., silicon dioxide, and can be borne on a nonporous, thin-film metal or cermet substrate, e.g., a palladium sheet or layer. The coated substrate may include a porous support for the sheet or layer. The coated article may be used as a purification membrane and the coating can protect the metal layer from contaminants in the gas or process stream from which hydrogen is being purified. In some embodiments, the coated article can provide such protection at elevated temperatures in excess of 300° C.; and in other embodiments, can provide protection at temperatures in excess of 600° C. and even in excess of 800° C.

The present invention provides a method for the biological production of n-butanol at high yield from a fermentable carbon source. In one aspect of the present invention, a process for the conversion of glucose to n-butanol is achieved by the use of a recombinant organism comprising a host C. acetobutilicum transformed i) to eliminate the butyrate pathway ii) to eliminate the acetone pathway iii) to eliminate the lactate pathway and iv) to eliminate the acetate pathway. In another aspect of the present invention, the hydrogen flux is decreased and the reducing power redirected to n-butanol production by attenuating the expression of the hydrogenase gene. Optionally the n-butanol produced can be eliminated during the fermentation by gas striping and further purified by distillation.

The invention relates to a loading device and a loading mode for use in the measurement of hydrogen diffusion in a stress field. In the loading device and the loading mode, a loading frame and a loading strip apply a load 1 and / or an axially loading platform applies a load 2 and a hydrogen permeation double electrolytic cell is adopted at the same time so as to realize the random change of a dynamic field in the direction of hydrogen permeation in a thin film within a certain range, namely the change of the size, direction and gradient of the stress field to change conditions for hydrogen diffusion and simulate the conditions of hydrogen diffusion in an actual material. The loading device and the loading mode are widely used in the measurement of the metal hydrogen flux and hydrogen diffusion coefficient of a specified stress field, so an advanced technical means is provided for testing the hydrogen corrosion, hydrogen permeation and hydrogen brittleness sensibility of steel and titanium alloy and other materials used in petroleum and natural gas drilling and transmission equipment, hydrogenation reactors, oil and gas transmission equipment, marine fixed structures, submerged pipelines and the like.

The invention relates to a low-hydrogen flux-cored wire suitable for high-strength steel, and belongs to the preparation field of flux-cored wires. The flux-cored wire is formed by a skin and a core,wherein the skin is a nickel strap; and the core is prepared from the components in percentage by mass: 40 to 65 percent of CaF2, 2 to 10 percent of K2ZrF6, 5 to 15 percent of LiF, 7 to 14 percent ofAl, 5 to 10 percent of Mn, 2 to 5 percent of Cr, 5 to 10 percent of Mg, 0.5 to 5 percent of Si, 0.5 to 5 percent of B, 0.5 to 5 percent of RE2O3, 2 to 7 percent of TiO, 2 to 5 percent of CaO, and thebalance Fe. The flux-cored wire prepared through the invention is excellent in processing property and stable in electric arc combustion, the hydrogen content of deposited metal is low, the quality ofthe welded high-strength steel is stable, and a welding performance of the high-strength steel is greatly improved.

This invention relates to a start-up method for oxidation-state hydrocracking catalyst used in oil refinery process. The method comprises: loading the oxidation-state hydrocracking catalyst into a reactor, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the reactor and pipelines, pressurizing to meet the pressure requirement of hydrocracking, switching to hydrogen after nitrogen flow is stable, raising the temperature of the catalyst bed to meet the temperature requirement of catalyst reduction after hydrogen flow is stable, keeping the temperature, adjusting the temperature of the catalyst bed to meet the temperature requirement of hydrocracking, adjusting hydrogen flux to meet the flux requirement of hydrocracking, and introducing hydrocarbon reactants. The method does not need pre-sulfurization of the catalyst with additional sulfurization agent, thus can avoid the problems caused by pre-sulfurization, and partially reduced catalyst has higher hydrocracking activity.

A method of measuring a hydrogen diffusivity of a metal structure is provided. The method includes providing a hydrogen charging surface at a first location on an external surface of the structure, and a hydrogen oxidation surface at a second location adjacent to the first location on the external surface of the structure. A hydrogen flux is generated and directed into the metal surface at the charging surface. At least a portion of the hydrogen flux generated by the charging surface and diverted back toward the surface is detected, and a transient of the diverted hydrogen flux is measured. The hydrogen diffusivity of the metal structure is then determined based on the measured transient.

The invention provides a production method of ultra-low hydrogen flux-cored welding wire, which sequentially includes the processes of powder filling, rolling forming, wire thinning, annealing, coating drawing, and layer winding; wherein, in the annealing process, the heating temperature is 500-600 ℃; in the annealing device, the running speed of the welding wire is less than or equal to 8m / s, the actual length of the heating section is 800-1000mm, and the heating current is less than or equal to 300A. After passing through the water cooling tank in the device, the welding wire is cooled. After cooling for 2-5 seconds, Lower to 80-150°C; the coating drawing process is carried out in the coating drawing die, which contains hydrogen-free anti-rust oil, and the temperature of the anti-rust oil is 60-80°C. The production method described in the invention has flexible and controllable technology and strong adaptability, can produce ultra-low hydrogen flux-cored welding wires of various types and specifications, and has continuous production process and high efficiency.

A class of glassy MOF membrane materials with hydrogen separation properties of the present invention is obtained by pressing the obtained MOFs powder material into tablets-melting-cooling or hot pressing on a substrate to prepare a glassy MOF with hydrogen separation properties The membrane material method is characterized in that: the steps are as follows: MOFs powder material preparation method: mix the materials in 2 or 3, add ethanol to grind, wash and dry the solid to obtain the target product, this kind of glassy MOFs membrane material It is synthesized by melting-cooling method for MOFs materials with glass transition behavior. This method is universal, easy to operate, low in raw material cost, large-scale processability, and different selectivities can be obtained by adjusting different metal salts The separation membrane material, the prepared glass MOF membrane H 2 / CO 2 The highest separation ratio can reach 92.7, and it has a hydrogen flux of 230.4 Barrer.

Ultralow hydrogen ceramic welding flux for chrome molybdenum heat resistant steel comprises the following components, by mass percent, 28%-35% of MgO, 6%-15% of CaO, 17%-22% of CaF2, 13%-20% of Al2O3, 5%-10% of SiO2, 1%-5% of K2O + NaO, 0.5%-3.5% of ferromanganese, 0.5%-2% of ferrosilicon, and 6%-8% of MgCO3. The ultralow hydrogen ceramic welding flux for the chrome molybdenum heat resistant steel contains magnesia, fluoride, silicate, carbonate, the ferromanganese and the ferrosilicon serving as reducing agents and quartz which improves slag detachability and appearance of welding seams. When the ultralow hydrogen ceramic welding flux for the chrome molybdenum heat resistant steel is used for welding, the electric arc is stable, the slag detachability in the welding seams is good, the appearance of the welding seams is attractive, and the surfaces of the welding seams are free of cracks, air holes, indentations and other welding defects.