A photothermal converter based on a hemispherical Bi₂Se₃
superstructure belongs to the field of
solar energy technology and applications. The stacked structure from bottom to top consists of: a
metal substrate, a
silica microsphere mask layer, and a Bi₂Se₃ thin film layer. The
metal substrate is made of materials such as
titanium and has a thickness greater than the
skin depth (≥100 nm). The
silica microsphere mask layer forms a close-packed array through self-
assembly, with microspheres having a
diameter of 200 nm. The Bi₂Se₃ thin film is prepared through conformal deposition, with a thickness
ranging from several nanometers to hundreds of nanometers. This device utilizes the bulk-surface state synergistic effect of the
topological insulator Bi₂Se₃, combined with Mie
resonance excited by a hemispherical
superstructure and
plasmon coupling, to achieve an average
high absorption rate of 97% in the 0.3–2.5 μm band and an
emissivity as low as 0.07 in the 2.5–25 μm band. It exhibits stable absorption characteristics over a wide incident angle (0°–60°) and can be prepared in a low-cost and controllable manner through self-assembled
microsphere masks and magnetron
sputtering technology, providing a feasible solution for high-performance solar thermal conversion systems.