The invention relates to a screening method for roes of fishes in Acipenseridae, which aims to solve the problem that the evaluating method is mistaken as the detecting method for the quality of the fish roes is lack of overall evaluation. The evaluation method is as follows, firstly, taking out a roe from the fish in Acipenseridae; secondly, preparing roe extracting solution; thirdly, preparing blood serum; fourthly, preparing body fluid; fifth, determining the polarization indexes of mother cells of the roe; sixthly, determining the density of blood serum vitellogenin; seventhly, determining the contents of Fe ions, roe Zn ions, roe VE and roe glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; eighthly, determining the contents of ACP and AKP; and ninthly, if the determined indexes simultaneously meet the target values, the remaining roes in the same ovary are mature, and then the screening of the roes of the fishes in Acipenseridae is accomplished. By adopting the invention, the fertilization rate of the sturgeon, the hatchability of the sturgeon and the survival rate of the fry are more than 85%, 95% and 90% respectively. The screening method is used for breeding the fishes in Acipenseridae.