The invention discloses a method for controlling the direction of a solidification structure of a cast ingot through electricity conductive crystallizer electroslag remelting and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. The method comprises the steps that (1) a slag material with the high conductivity is prepared and then baked; (2) the filling rate and the insertion depth of an electrode are determined, and a base wad, an arc striking agent and an electricity conductive crystallizer are right placed; and (3) a path of an electric current flowing through a power source, the consumable electrode, the slag material, a bottom water tank and the power source is selected, and arc striking, material charging and slag melting are conducted; after the slag material is melted down, a remelting electric current and the remelting voltage are set; the path of the electric current is set through closing of a switch in the electroslag remelting process, the distribution ratio of electric currents flowing through the crystallizer and the bottom water tank is controlled, the shape and the depth of a metallic molten pool are changed, and the direction of the solidification structure is controlled; and in the later period of remelting, electricity is cut off after electroslag remelting feeding operation, cooling is conducted, and the remelted cast ingot is obtained. According to the method for controlling the direction of the solidification structure of the cast ingot through electricity conductive crystallizer electroslag remelting, a slag system with the high conductivity distribution ratio is adopted, and the tendency of axial crystallization of the solidification structure of the cast ingot is improved; and the crystallization direction of the solidification structure of the cast ingot is controlled in the remelting process, and the prepared cast ingot has good surface quality.