The invention provides a portable real-time opto-acoustic imaging system for integrating a two-dimensional laser galvanometer and a laser diode, which is formed by a central processor, a driving circuit, a data collecting circuit, a signal amplifying circuit, a signal preprocessing circuit, an ultrasonic sensor, a circuit external port, a laser diode, a collimating lens group, an X-axis reflecting galvanometer, a Y-axis reflecting galvanometer, a focusing lens group, a protective lens, an X-axis motor, a Y-axis motor and a casing. The portable real-time opto-acoustic imaging system applies fast and efficient two-dimensional laser galvanometer scanning technology to the field of multi-dimensional opto-acoustic imaging, is integrally designed with a small-volume laser diode in portable mode, achieves large-area opto-acoustic imaging and can be widely applied to the field of detection of square, tubular or film-shaped materials with complex structures, industrial fault detection, medical imaging and the like.