Disclosed is a harmless mud processing method for a sewage treatment plant. The method comprises that a water retention material is added based on primary mud, the water content of a mud sample is lowered to below 65%, the a cementitious material is added and mixed, the mixture is stirred and mixed evenly and air dried naturally under normal temperature and pressure, and during mixing, the quality ratio of the mud, the cementitious material and the water retention material is 100:(15-30):(0.01-0.05). The method has the advantages that after the mud is processed, the obtained modified material coats harmful bacteria and noxious heavy metals in the mud, such as chromium, lead and mercury, some industrial gypsum such as fluorine gypsum, phosphorus gypsum, titanium dioxide gypsum and desulfurized gypsum has rich malysite, the industrial gypsum and noxious metal elements are subjected to oxidation reaction or reduction reaction, then the toxicity of the mud is reduced, the noxious metal elements can be converted to metal elements with an innoxious valence state, the cementitious material is in the alkali environment, some metals are subjected to complexation easily, indissoluble subsulfate can be produced, and simultaneously, growth and propagation of bacterium can be inhibited effectively under alkali environment.