The invention relates to a single-power-source high-low-pressure self-adaptive high-precision dynamic and static loading test system which comprises a counter-force frame, a dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder, a pressure-bearing jacking cover, a driving oil cylinder, a connecting rod, a power module and an oil tank. All parts of the counter-force frame are connected through mortise and tenon structures, borne acting force can be converted into pulling force of the front plate and the rear plate, and ultrahigh counter-force bearing is achieved. A return stroke cavity, an oil pressure cavity and an energy storage cavity are sequentially formed in the inner space of a cylinder body of the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder, a hollow loading rod is arranged in the cylinder body, an impact rod is movably arranged in the hollow loading rod, and combined loading of dynamic load, static load and disturbance load of different strain rates can be achieved. The power module comprises a sliding rail block, a wave tooth, a lead screw fixing flange, a lead screw and a servo motor, torque generated by the servo motor can be converted into vertical movement and vertical force of the lead screw, and original power is provided for the whole system. The vertical movement of the power module can realize high-precision minimum static load loading; the power module is matched with the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder, so that high-precision super-large static loading and dynamic and static coupling loading can be realized. According to the test device, random switching between high-precision extremely-small static load and dynamic load coupling loading and high-precision ultra-large static load and dynamic load coupling loading can be achieved by means of a single power source.