The invention discloses a central cylinder cyclone separation and sedimentation device, comprising a tank, a breaking syphonic mouth, a residue discharge hole, an oil discharge hole, an overflow hole,a reversed U-shaped overflow pipe, an upper filter plate, a manhole, a lower filter plate, a water inlet pipe, a backwashing water distribution pipe, a sewage outlet, a center tube breathing hole, abreathing mouth, a residue collecting tank, an oil collecting tank, a water outlet pipe, an outlet water collecting pipe, a filter material, a central pipe, an upper water distribution pipe of a swirling cone, the swirling cone, a backwashing mouth and a central pipe sewage outlet. The central cylinder cyclone separation and sedimentation device can effectively guarantee the distance between the outlet water collecting pipe, namely, a water outlet layer and the uppermost liquid level scum as well as the distance between the water outlet layer and a floating oil layer, thus avoiding the mutualinfluence of sludge, oil and water, and being higher in separation efficiency; the central cylinder cyclone separation and sedimentation device utilizes the layered sedimentation characteristic of thesludge to guarantee the sinking efficiency of the sludge, and the sludge layer can effectively intercept the tiny suspended matters, so that the clear water is enabled to float upwards; the swirlingcone of the device is arranged at the lower part of the central pipe, the upper part of the swirling cone is used for discharging water, and the discharged water is directed toward the periphery of the tank, so that the water flow is enabled to be in a radial flow rising way, and the advection precipitation the effect of the effluent is improved.