The invention discloses a two-waveband radio frequency (RF) optical transmission module, comprising a first directional coupler, a down converter, a first filtering module, an analog-to-digital (AD) conversion module, a first baseband processor, a first photoelectric conversion module, a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM), a second photoelectric conversion module, a second baseband processor, a digital-to-analogue (DA) conversion module, a second filtering module, an up converter, a cascade amplifying module, a third filtering module, a second directional coupler and a module monitoring unit. The optical transmission module not only has the advantages of common optical modules, but also has the capability of working in the two-waveband range, thus broadening the range of working efficiency, and solving the problem of resource waste for networking repeatedly. The optical transmission module is used for converting uplink and downlink RF signals into I/Q digital signals by AD conversion in the process of signal transmission, and then the I/Q digital signals are transmitted in the form of frame format in optical fibers by a laser, thereby greatly improving the stability of the signals in the transmission process.