The invention relates to a vibratory digging harvester for winter potato, comprising a frame, a gearbox, a vibratory digging device, a two-stage conveyer and a separation mechanism, with the gearbox,the vibratory digging device, the two-stage conveyer and the separation mechanism mounted on the frame. The gearbox powers the vibratory digging device, the two-stage conveyer and the separation mechanism. The vibratory digging device comprises a vibratory digging blade to dig crops. The two-stage conveyer comprises a conveying chain screen to convey and primarily screen silt. The separation mechanism comprises a vibratory flow-combing slide mesh to screen silt, the front end of the conveying chain screen is positioned at the rear of the digging blade, and the rear end of the conveying chain screen is positioned above the front end of the vibratory flow-combing slide mesh. The vibratory digging harvester for winter potato is simple in structure and convenient to operate, has adjustable positions and adjustable vibrational amplitude, digging depth and penetrating angle, may arrive at optimal digging as practice requires so as to achieve reduced digging drag, increased potato exposure rate and reduced damage rate, has a promising market in the harvest of potato and other tubers, and is a harvesting machine for potato and other tuberous crops.