83results about How to "Minimizing reaction" patented technology

An vertebral stabilizer includes a spring element defining a longitudinal axis and having first and second ends, each operable to couple to respective first and second bone anchors of a patient, wherein the spring element includes a slanted coil element operable to produce a reaction force in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis.

A corrugated coaxial cable connector, field installable with a hand crimp tool has a connector interface coupled to the connector end of a hollow cylindrical body; an inner surface of the body is adapted to thread onto the helical corrugations on the outer conductor of the cable. A plurality of ridges on an outer surface of the body corresponding to an internal threaded section forms a crimp surface. An inner contact located coaxially within the body has a socket contact section at the cable end dimensioned for insertion of the inner conductor of the cable and electrical connection therewith. A body barb located on the outer surface of the body provides an acute surface for heat shrink tubing to seal against.

A nonaqueous electrolytic solution that can provide a high energy density nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a high capacity, excellent storage characteristics, and excellent cycle characteristics and suppressing the decomposition of an electrolytic solution and the deterioration thereof when used in a high-temperature environment includes an electrolyte, a nonaqueous solvent, and a compound represented by general formula (1):wherein R1, R2, and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, or an optionally halogen atom-substituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R1 and R2 do not simultaneously represent hydrogen atoms.

An activated carbon material derived, for example, by carbonizing and activating a non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor has a structural order ratio less than or equal to 0.08, and a nitrogen content greater than 0.2 wt. %. The activated carbon material can also have a volumetric capacitance greater than or equal to 70 F / cm3, an area-specific resistance less than or equal to 0.1 ohm-cm2 and / or a specific surface area greater than 300 m2 / g, and is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

The invention relates to a method for producing granular silicon by thermal decomposition of a gas containing silicon in a fluidized bed, said decomposition occurring in the presence of free-flowing mobile elements. Preferably, said free-flowing mobile elements become devoid of silicon in a separate procedural step, said silicon being deposited during decomposition of gas containing silicon, by reacting with hydrogen halides, halogens, alkyl halogenides, aryl halogenides or combinations of halogen and / or hydrogen halide and / or oxidized mineral acids and / or by thermal treatment of said elements.

Methods of bleaching mechanical pulp under alkaline conditions with hydrogen peroxide. The methods include introducing a source of magnesium ions and hydroxyl ions to a refiner. The wood particulates are refined into a pulp in the presence of the magnesium ions and hydroxyl ions, and optionally perhydroxyl ions to simultaneously refine and bleach the pulp in a refiner.

A substrate is brought into close proximity with one or more gas injectors to deposit a thin film. As the substrate is moved horizontally along a predefined direction, it is injected with reactive gases and pyrolytically heated with a heating light focused on the substrate. To prevent photolytic reactions, the heating light source is preferably on the side of the substrate opposite to the side where the reactive gases are deposited. In some embodiments, this heating light source is supplemented by heating light sources on the same side of the substrate as the deposited reactive gases. The heating light source(s) has a wavelength to optimize absorption by the substrate or the deposited film layer.

This invention relates to methods and apparatus for performing microanalytic and microsynthetic analyses and procedures. The invention specifically provides devices and methods for performing miniaturized in vitro assays on biological samples, such as the polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing reactions. Methods specific for the apparatus of the invention for performing PCR are provided.

The benzene content in a gasoline pool is reduced by a process that hydrogenates a benzene-containing isomerization zone feedstream. The additional cyclic hydrocarbons produced by the saturation of benzene can be processed in the isomerization zone for ring opening to increase the available paraffinic feedstock or the isomerization zone can be operated to pass the cyclic hydrocarbons through to a product recovery section. The isomerization zone feedstream is treated to remove contaminants and dried before entering the hydrogenation zone.

The pendulum impact test rig is designed and developed for simulating impact conditions experienced by structural components in real-world crash or full-scale crash test. The test rig can be adopted for crash testing individual vehicle component. The test rig comprises of a base plate which is anchored to a concrete ground, a pendulum supporting structure positioned on the base plate, a pendulum member constructed from structural T-beam that permanently secured to a rotatably shaft, and a test item holding device releasably mounted on the base plate. The pendulum member includes a striker which is releasably attached to the lower end portion of the pendulum, fixed masses permanently secured at the lower end portion of the pendulum, and additional masses detachably attached immediately above the fixed masses. With present preferred embodiment, the center of percussion is controlled within the striking zone. Computer-based instrumentation system, which comprises accelerometer, high speed imaging system, light beam emitter-detector velocity measurement, data acquisition card, and computer with data acquisition and analysis application software installed is provided so that the desired data can be acquired for analysis and presentation.

The present invention relates to a method of detecting a base at a pre-determined position in a nucleic acid molecule by performing enzymatic detection reactions using base-specific detection oligomers, where each oligomer is specific for a particular base at the predetermined position, and then comparing the enzymatic detection reactions to determine which base is present at the position, with an enzyme-disabling agent being present during the enzymatic detection reaction. In preferred embodiments the enzymatic detection reaction is an oligomer elongation extension reaction, catalysed by, among others, polymerase or ligase. Also disclosed are methods of performing the assay in a liquid phase and on microarrays.

An iron redox flow battery system, comprising a redox electrode, a plating electrolyte tank, a plating electrode, a redox electrolyte tank with additional acid additives that may be introduced into the electrolytes in response to electrolyte pH. The acid additives may act to suppress undesired chemical reactions that create losses within the battery and may be added in response to sensor indications of these reactions.

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided. A semiconductor element is formed on a substrate. The semiconductor element has at least one nickel silicide contact region, an etch stop layer formed over said element, and an insulating layer formed over said etch stop layer. A portion of the etch stop layer immediately over a selected contact region is removed using a process that does not substantially react with the contact region, to form a contact opening. The contact opening is then filled with a conductive material to form a contact.

The cycle performance of a lithium-ion secondary battery or a lithium-ion capacitor can be obtained by minimizing the decomposition reaction of an electrolytic solution, etc. in the repeated charge and discharge cycles of the lithium-ion secondary battery or the lithium-ion capacitor. An electrode includes a current collector and an active material layer over the current collector. The active material layer includes active material particles, a conductive additive, a binder, and a film containing silicon oxide as its main component. The surface of one of the active material particles includes at least one of a region in contact with the surface of another active material particle, a region in contact with the conductive additive, and a region in contact with the binder. The surface of the active material particle except these regions is at least partly in contact with the film containing silicon oxide as its main component.

Method and apparatus for producing synthesis gas comprising the steps of combusting (4) a combustible gas to form hot flue gasses (7), passing the flue gasses (7) through heat storing means (1) so as to heat the heat storing means (1) to an elevated temperature, using the heat thus stored to heat biomass (2) to an elevated temperature so as to form synthesis gas, and withdrawing at least part of the synthesis gas formed, wherein following heating of the heat storing means (1) gaseous medium is circulated through the heat storing means (1), the biomass (2) and back to the heat storing means (1). Furthermore computer program product for performing the method of the invention and the use of the produced biogas are disclosed.

A pre-compression pump (10) dispenses microdoses of fluid (F). The pump minimizes pulsing due to pressure fluctuations. The pump is provided with the following to limit pulsing: a low force slow return velocity return spring (46); enlarged fluid passage (58); elastic bumper (74); and, a ratchet tooth (76) bearing against the stem (44). Further, a deflectable diaphragm (90), a splined (70) stem (44), no dip tube, and an off-center, gravitational low-point pump inlet (62) assist in priming the pump. The pump includes a stem (44) with delfectable fingers (92) to ensure sufficient momentum in pump operation. Detents (118) and grooves (120) selectively lock a nozzle cap (14) in an inoperative position. To ensure cleanliness, nozzle (60) cleaning is provided, wiping of the nozzle to remove meniscus (M) therefrom, cuts (104) formed in a shroud (98) assist in drawing excess fluid from the nozzle, and an empty volume (108) for collecting fluid run-off from the nozzle. A handle (H) is mounted to the pump providing a grip.

The benzene content in a gasoline pool is reduced by a process that hydrogenates a benzene-containing isomerization zone feedstream. The additional cyclic hydrocarbons produced by the saturation of benzene can be processed in the isomerization zone for ring opening to increase the available paraffinic feedstock or the isomerization zone can be operated to pass the cyclic hydrocarbons through to a product recovery section. The isomerization zone feedstream is treated to remove contaminants and dried before entering the hydrogenation zone.

A positive electrode for an energy storage device includes a first activated carbon material comprising pores having a size of ≦1 nm, which provide a combined pore volume of >0.3 cm3 / g, pores having a size of >1 nm to ≦2 nm, which provide a combined pore volume of ≧0.05 cm3 / g, and <0.15 cm3 / g combined pore volume of any pores having a size of >2 nm. A negative electrode for the energy storage device includes a second activated carbon material comprising pores having a size of ≦1 nm, which provide a combined pore volume of ≦0.3 cm3 / g, pores having a size of >1 nm to ≦2 nm, which provide a combined pore volume of ≧0.05 cm3 / g, and <0.15 cm3 / g combined pore volume of any pores having a size of >2 nm. The total oxygen content in at least the first activated carbon material is at most 1.5 wt. %.

A varistor 1 comprises a varistor element 10, a pair of external electrodes 30a, 30b on one main side of the varistor element 10 and a resistor 60 on the same main side, wherein the resistor 60 is formed so as to connect the pair of external electrodes 30a, 30b. The varistor element 10 contains zinc oxide as the main component and Ca oxides, Si oxides and rare earth metal oxides as accessory components, wherein the proportion X of the calcium oxides in terms of calcium atoms is 2-80 atomic percent with respect to 100 mol of the main component and the proportion Y of the silicon oxides in terms of silicon atoms is 1-40 atomic percent with respect to 100 mol of the main component, X / Y satisfying formula (1) below, and the external electrodes and resistor contain oxides other than bismuth oxide and copper oxide.1≦X / Y<3  (1)

A method for the purification or recovery of lactide rich streams by the combination of a suspension-based melt crystallization process with a subsequent separation of the pure lactide crystals in a wash column is disclosed.

A nonaqueous electrolytic solution that can provide a high energy density nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a high capacity, excellent storage characteristics, and excellent cycle characteristics and suppressing the decomposition of an electrolytic solution and the deterioration thereof when used in a high-temperature environment includes an electrolyte, a nonaqueous solvent, and a compound represented by general formula (1):wherein R1, R2, and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, or an optionally halogen atom-substituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R1 and R2 do not simultaneously represent hydrogen atoms.

The invention relates to a photovoltaic article comprising a plurality of photovoltaic cells having first (22) and second (24) electrical connector segments in contact with the top side (18) of a first cell (10) and the backside (16) of a second adjacent cell (12). The materials used to form the electrical connector segments are selected to minimize corrosion, maximize contact area, and lower contact resistance over the lifetime of the article.

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a super hard alloy containing carbon nanotubes, including (a) forming a carbon nanotube-metal composite from carbon nanotubes and metal powder, (b) mixing the carbon nanotube-metal composite obtained in (a) with hard-phase powder, (c) molding the powder mixture obtained in (b), and (d) sintering the molded body obtained in (c). In the method of the invention, the reaction between carbon nanotubes and transition metal carbide in the super hard alloy is minimized, thus maximizing an increase in toughness by virtue of the addition of carbon nanotubes, thereby obtaining the super hard alloy having both high hardness and high toughness. The super hard alloy containing carbon nanotubes manufactured using the method of the invention has high hardness and high toughness, and thus can be effectively utilized in cutting tools, molds, wear-resistant members, heat-resistant structural materials, etc.

The present invention relates to a ceramic laminated device including a dielectric ceramic and an Ag electrode. In a dielectric ceramic that can be sintered at low temperatures and has a high dielectric constant and Q value, reactivity between the ceramic and Ag during sintering is suppressed low and segregation of specific elements in the proximity of the electrode is controlled. Thus, a filter having a high Q value and low loss is produced stably. For this purpose, in a ceramic laminated body including at least a ceramic and a Si-containing glass, a ratio of A / B, i.e. a ratio of a Si element concentration (A) within a range at a distance of 5 μm or smaller from the Ag electrode to a Si element concentration (B) within a range at a distance larger than 5 μm from the Ag electrode, is set equal to or smaller than 2.

The benzene content in a gasoline pool is reduced by a process that hydrogenates a benzene-containing isomerization zone feedstream. The additional cyclic hydrocarbons produced by the saturation of benzene can be processed in the isomerization zone for ring opening to increase the available paraffinic feedstock or the isomerization zone can be operated to pass the cyclic hydrocarbons through to a product recovery section. The isomerization zone feedstream is treated to remove contaminants and dried before entering the hydrogenation zone.