49results about How to "Negatively charged" patented technology

A process and a memory architecture for operating a charge trapping memory cell is provided. The method for operating the memory cell includes establishing a high threshold state in the memory cell by injecting negative charge into the charge trapping structure to set a high state threshold. The method includes using a self-converging biasing procedure to establish a low threshold state for the memory cell by reducing the negative charge in the charge trapping structure to set the threshold voltage for the cell to a low threshold state. The negative charge is reduced in the memory cell by applying a bias procedure including at least one bias pulse. The bias pulse balances charge flow into and out of the charge trapping layer to achieve self-convergence on a desired threshold level. Thereby, an over-erase condition is avoided.

A process and a memory architecture for operating a charge trapping memory cell is provided. The method for operating the memory cell includes establishing a high threshold state in the memory cell by injecting negative charge into the charge trapping structure to set a high state threshold. The method includes using a self-converging biasing procedure to establish a low threshold state for the memory cell by reducing the negative charge in the charge trapping structure to set the threshold voltage for the cell to a low threshold state. The negative charge is reduced in the memory cell by applying a bias procedure including at least one bias pulse. The bias pulse balances charge flow into and out of the charge trapping layer to achieve self-convergence on a desired threshold level. Thereby, an over-erase condition is avoided.

The present invention provides an electrolytic cell, which can efficiently produce, charged water having an excellent performance of improving surface cleaning or treatment of an object, e.g., semiconductor, glass, or resin and of cleaning and sterilizing medical device.The electrolytic cell of the present invention is for producing charged anode water suitable for surface cleaning or treatment, including the cathode chamber 41 and anode chamber 50, fluorinated cation-exchange membrane 46 provided to separated these chambers from each other, cathode 44 closely attaché to the cation-exchange membrane 45 on the side facing the cathode chamber 41, and middle chamber 48 filled with the cation-exchange resin 46, provided on the other side of The cation-exchange membrane 46, the cation-exchange resin 46 being arranged in such a way to come into contact with the fluorinated cation-exchange membrane 45, wherein the feed water is passed into the middle chamber 48 and passed thorough The anode chamber 50 to be recovered as the charged anode water.

A preparation method of a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material includes: (1) etching Ti3AlC2 with LiF / HCl to prepare two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet; (2) preparing a nanosheet aggregate by electrostatic self-assembly of a two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet and a positively charged nitrogen-containing cationic compound; (3) calcining the nanosheet aggregates to prepare a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material. A method for degrading and removing organic pollutants in water includes (1) etching Ti3AlC2 with LiF / HCl to prepare two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet; (2) preparing a nanosheet aggregate by electrostatic self-assembly of a two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet and a positively charged nitrogen-containing cationic compound; (3) calcining the nanosheet aggregates to prepare a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material; (4) placing the two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material into water containing organic pollutants to degrade and remove organic pollutants in water.

The present invention provides an electrolytic cell, which can efficiently produce charged water having an excellent performance of improving surface cleaning or treatment of an object, e.g., semiconductor, glass, or resin and of cleaning and sterilizing medical device. The electrolytic cell of the present invention is for producing charged anode water suitable for surface cleaning or treatment, including the cathode chamber 41 and anode chamber 50, fluorinated cation-exchange membrane 46 provided to separate these chambers from each other, cathode 44 closely attach to the cation-exchange membrane 45 on the side facing the cathode chamber 41, and middle chamber 48 filled with the cation-exchange resin 46, provided on the other side of the cation-exchange membrane 46, the cation-exchange resin 46 being arranged in such a way to come into contact with the fluorinated cation-exchange membrane 45, wherein the feed water is passed into the middle chamber 48 and passed thorough the anode chamber 50 to be recovered as the charged anode water.

In a capacitive sensor, a sensing electrode is positively charged, the sensing electrode and a sensing capacitor are charge-balanced, the sensing electrode is negatively charged, and then the sensing electrode and the sensing capacitor are again charge-balanced. The sensing electrode is positively and negatively charged in the same period when the capacitive sensor is sensed. So, the invention can not only effectively improve the high-frequency external interference but also effectively resist the interference when an external direct current electrical field approaches.

A synchronized supercharge electrostatic field UV germicidal air filtration device is a high efficiency absolute air cleaner. It incorporates a dual function ionization system, electrostatic field filtration system UV light germicidal function within one system. This invention allows the physical size of air cleaning device to be substantially reduced while the absolute filtration efficiency is highly improved. This device provides a filtered and sterilized air output quality down to submicron size with quantifiable results; while it can be physically fit into an office partition wall. Secondly, both high voltage power supporting ionization and high voltage power supporting the electrostatic energy field are provided by one high voltage transforming circuit making it the most cost effective air filtration system.

Provided is a method of making durable hydrophilic and hierarchical structures containing nano and micro features used as dry adhesives. The method includes introduction of hydrophilic, nanostructured features on the micro-scale tips of fibrillar arrays through UV / Ozone (UVO) and oxygen plasma treatment; the method also includes further coating of the hierarchical structure with a polyelectrolyte via electrostatically-driven self-assembly to improve the hydrophilic stability of the treated fibril tip surfaces.

It is possible to provide a device and a method for combusting particulate substances which particulate matters discharged from an internal combustion engine can be effectively combusted, and the device configuration is simple and does not become large and heavy. The combustion device has: an introduction portion 8 used to introduce a particulate matter-containing gas 5 discharged from the exhaust port of an internal combustion engine; a charging unit 11 which is provided on the downstream side of the introduction portion 8, and in which all or part of the particulate matters 6′ are e negatively charged by bringing the particulate matter-containing gas into contact with; an electric discharge unit 15 which is provided in an insulation pipe 100 which is connected to the downstream side of the charging unit 11, and in which the particulate matters 6′, all or part of which are negatively charged, are introduced into a silent discharge area A1 and are combusted with an increased retention time, the silent discharge area being generated between an anode and a cathode; a discharge portion 9 which is connected to the insulation pipe 100 at the downstream side of the electric discharge unit and which discharges the combusted gas; and a power source unit which applies an electric field to the charging unit and the electric discharge unit.

An image forming apparatus including: a developing device that develops an electrostatic latent image formed on an image bearing body into a visible image by using a charged developer, so as to form a developer image on the image bearing body; a developing-bias supplying device that supplies, to the developing device, a developing bias necessary for developing the electrostatic latent image into the visible image; a transfer device that transfers the developer image formed on the image bearing body onto a recording medium; a transfer-bias supplying device that supplies, to the transfer device, a transfer bias necessary for transferring the developer image onto the recording medium; and a controller that carries out at least one of (A) developing-bias-dependent transfer-bias control for controlling the transfer bias supplied by the transfer-bias supplying device to the transfer device, on the basis of the developing bias supplied by the developing-bias supplying device to the developing device, and (B) operation-amount-dependent developing-and-transfer-bias control for controlling the developing bias supplied by the developing-bias supplying device to the developing device and the transfer bias supplied by the transfer-bias supplying device to the transfer device, on the basis of an operation amount of the image forming apparatus.

A photoelectric conversion element having storage / discharge ability has a substrate layer that is formed of a conductive metal and is connected to a minus electrode of output electrodes, a collector electrode that is formed by being joined to one surface of the substrate layer, an n-type compound semiconductor layer that is formed of a dielectric composition containing a fullerene and is formed by being connected to the collector electrode, a p-type compound semiconductor layer that is formed in contact with the n-type compound semiconductor layer, and a pn-bulk layer that is formed between the n-type compound semiconductor layer and the p-type compound semiconductor layer and is intermittently in contact with the n-type compound semiconductor layer and the p-type compound semiconductor layer, and has a secondary battery arranged on the other surface of the substrate layer to provide a storage / discharge function. Also provided is the secondary battery preferably used herein.

Described herein are systems and methods for the generation of electric current and / or electric potential utilizing micro- or nano-channels and capillary flow, including fluidic or microfluidic batteries and electrochemical cells. The provided systems and methods use capillary force to promote fluid flow through micro- and nano-fluidic channels by evaporating fluid at one terminus of the channel, and the resulting fluid flow generates electric potential and or current. Advantageously, the described systems and methods remove the need for pressurized vessels or external pumps, increasing net energy generation and decreasing complexity and size of potential fluidic batteries.

The present invention relates to the use of charged cellulose nanocrystals as a corrosion inhibitor. According to one aspect, there is provided a corrosion inhibitor comprising of a plurality of charged cellulose nanocrystals fibrils. There is further provided a process for inhibiting corrosion of metal equipment where water can reside. According to a further aspect, the process includes adding an effective corrosion inhibiting amount of acid-form the cellulose nanocrystals. According to another aspect, the process includes selectively causing a first set of the cellulose nanocrystals to be negatively charged. The first set of the cellulose nanocrystals so charged function as an anodic corrosion inhibitor. The process includes selectively causing a second set of the cellulose nanocrystals to be positively charged. The second set of the cellulose nanocrystals so charged functions as a cathodic corrosion inhibitor.

Luminescent nanoparticles, preparation, and application thereof are disclosed. The luminescent nanoparticle consists of matrix, which is a macromolecular compound containing carboxyl group, and a rare-earth luminescent dye dispersed in the matrix. The preparation method of the luminescent nanoparticle comprises: dissolving the rare-earth complex luminescent dye and the macromolecular compound in organic solvent miscible with water, adding the solution into water, and forming the luminescent nanoparticle by coprecipitation-selfassembly process. The prepared luminescent nanoparticle has excellent long-wave excitational luminescent properties and good stability, and can be used in coupling the surface carboxyl group of a biomolecule. The biological probes based on such luminescent nanoparticles have wide application prospects on the aspects of high-sensitivity luminescent immunoassay, biological imaging and the like.

A water-in-oil emulsion ink comprises a water phase and an oil phase, wherein the water phase comprises a carbon black pigment having a pH of less than 6. The emulsion ink maintains stable rheology on ageing.

A device for imparting a combination of therapies to a user's body or body parts has a first battery-powered array submerged into a liquid contained in a first reservoir and a second battery-powered array submerged into a liquid contained in a second reservoir. Each array has one or more degradable electrodes that release ions into the liquid in the reservoir. The electrodes can be copper, zinc, steel, silver, nickel, or a combination thereof. The solution in the reservoir may contain positively or negatively charged medicament ions. During a therapy session, the device is operated in one or both of an electrolysis mode and an iontophoresis mode. Direct current is applied to one or more of the electrodes depending on the mode selected and other session parameters. The device uses a current and voltage regulator to deliver a regulated amount of current through the arrays regardless of the conductivity of the liquid, and electronic circuitry is used to control the duration, polarity, electrode choice, and intensity of the treatment. Excessive heat is dissipated with a heat sink.

A conductive metal oxide based layer on a substrate is prepared by chemically reducing a metal salt in aqueous solution, coating the resulting aqueous metal dispersion after washing onto a substrate, preferably glass, and subjecting the coated layer to an oxidizing treatment, e.g. a heat step. In a preferred embodiment the metal oxide is tin oxide, or a mixture of tin oxide and another metal oxide.

The present invention discloses anamine modifying material which is a copolymer polymerized from an amine functional acrylate, a poly(ethylene glycol) functional acrylate and a cross-linker. The application of the amine modifying material in the bio-molecules separation area is also provided in the present invention.

The invention relates to freeze-dried compositions comprisinga) at least one polymer based on polyacrylic acids and salts thereof,b) at least one natural polymer,c) optionally at least one further polymer which differs from a) and b) andd) optionally one or more active compounds and / or auxiliary substances.The invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of such freeze-dried compositions, the combination of such freeze-dried compositions in kit-of-parts arrangements together with aqueous solutions and the use of the freeze-dried compositions and of the kit-of-parts combinations for cosmetic and pharmaceutical use, in particular for use as a cosmetic mask or as a wound covering and for the preparation of pharmaceutical agents for treatment of dermal wounds, such as, in particular, chronic wounds, ulcus cruris or decubitus.

A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a mist collecting unit disposed outside an ink ejection region on a platen, where ink is ejected onto a recording paper from a recording head, in the movement direction of the recording head, the ink ejection region of the platen includes a conductive material and is set to have the same potential as nozzles, a nozzle formation surface, or ink in a pressure chamber, and the mist collecting unit is set to have a more negative polarity than the ink ejection region of the platen.

Compounds useful for associating with nanoparticle or microparticle emulsions to obtain magnetic resonance images permit control of the relaxivity of the signal and readily associate with the particulate components. The compounds are conveniently prepared from achiral derivatives of chelating moieties.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a product comprising one or more nanoparticles of calcium phosphate (CaP-NP) with negative surface charge having a ζ-potential in the range from −41.0 mV to −27.0 mV comprising the steps of: a) maintaining a mixture having a pH in the range from 7 to 10 and comprising an aqueous solution of calcium, an aqueous solution of phosphate and a solution of citrate ions at a temperature in the range from 20° C. to 40° C. for a time in the range from 30 seconds to 10 minutes; b) removing non-reacted ions from the solution of step a), thus obtaining a suspension of one or more nanoparticles of calcium phosphate (CaP-NP); c) recovering the product of one or more nanoparticles of calcium phosphate (CaP-NP) from the suspension of step b). In an advantageous embodiment, the process of the invention provides, in the mixture of step a), also an aqueous solution of one or more therapeutic / diagnostic compounds. The product of the invention may be used as a vehicle for one or more diagnostic / therapeutic compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases through inhalation administration.

It is possible to provide a device and a method for combusting particulate substances which particulate matters discharged from an internal combustion engine can be effectively combusted, and the device configuration is simple and does not become large and heavy. The combustion device has: an introduction portion 8 used to introduce a particulate matter-containing gas 5 discharged from the exhaust port of an internal combustion engine; a charging unit 11 which is provided on the downstream side of the introduction portion 8, and in which all or part of the particulate matters 6′ are e negatively charged by bringing the particulate matter-containing gas into contact with; an electric discharge unit 15 which is provided in an insulation pipe 100 which is connected to the downstream side of the charging unit 11, and in which the particulate matters 6′, all or part of which are negatively charged, are introduced into a silent discharge area A1 and are combusted with an increased retention time, the silent discharge area being generated between an anode and a cathode; a discharge portion 9 which is connected to the insulation pipe 100 at the downstream side of the electric discharge unit and which discharges the combusted gas; and a power source unit which applies an electric field to the charging unit and the electric discharge unit.

Apparatus is provided, including a plurality of islets, and a hydrogel configured to macroencapsulate the plurality of islets. The hydrogel is implantable in a subcapsular space (21) of a kidney (22) of a subject and is shaped to define a planar configuration. Other applications are also described.

Described herein are systems and methods for the generation of electric current and / or electric potential utilizing micro- or nano-channels and capillary flow, including fluidic or microfluidic batteries and electrochemical cells. The provided systems and methods use capillary force to promote fluid flow through micro- and nano-fluidic channels by evaporating fluid at one terminus of the channel, and the resulting fluid flow generates electric potential and or current. Advantageously, the described systems and methods remove the need for pressurized vessels or external pumps, increasing net energy generation and decreasing complexity and size of potential fluidic batteries.

A combustion gas particle adhesion prevention boiler includes a furnace for containing a combustion gas and passing an exhaust gas; a dust collector for collecting combustion gas particles present in the exhaust gas; a combustion unit for combusting fuel and injecting a flame generated by the combustion into the furnace in order to generate the combustion gas; and a voltage application unit for negatively charging the fuel. The combustion gas particle adhesion prevention boiler, and a method using the same, prevent combustion gas particles generated by the combustion of fuel from being adhered to a tube, the inner wall of a furnace, etc., by applying a negative voltage to the combustion unit, and applying a positive voltage to a dust collector, such that the negatively charged combustion gas particles can be easily collected in the dust collector by the attractive force with the positively charged dust collector.