The invention relates to a method for preparing cellulose nanocrystal reinforced polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) nanofiber. The method comprises the following steps of: (1), adding an organic solvent, namely a solution A, of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into an organic solvent, namely a solution B, of a PHBV during stirring to obtain a mixed solution; (2), heating the mixed solution to 40 to 70 DEG C, fully stirring to obtain a transparent and uniform electrostatic spinning stock solution; and (3), performing electrostatic spinning on the stock solution, performing vacuum drying on the stock solution at room temperature to obtain the PHBV or CNCs. The method is simple, controllable, quick and efficient. The prepared PHBV or CNCs is or are a complete biodegradation product, has high biodegradability and biocompatibility, high porosity, adjustable aperture and tailorable shapes, and has the advantages of high mechanical property, high thermal property, appropriate hydrophilcity and the like.