The invention discloses a light large-power drilling mud pump. The light large-power drilling mud pump comprises a pump shell, a small gear shaft, a crank shaft, a large gear shaft, a gear ring, a connecting rod, a mud blocking plate and a fluid end, wherein the structure sizes of the pump shell, the small gear shaft, the crank shaft, the large gear shaft, the gear ring, the connecting rod, the mud blocking plate and the fluid end equal those of a pump shell, a small gear shaft, a crank shaft, a large gear shaft, a gear ring, a connecting rod, a mud blocking plate and a fluid end of a low-power-grade drilling mud pump, the overall Brinell hardness of the large gear shaft is HB235-265, and the Rockwell hardness of the tooth surface of the large gear shaft is HRC50-55. According to the technical scheme, on the premise that the weight of the whole set of equipment is not increased, operation reliability of the equipment is improved, product quality is guaranteed, purchasing cost of metal materials is reduced, and profits are practically improved. The population and the application of the light large-power drilling mud pump have huge economic and environmental benefits.