The invention discloses a fire coal smoke cyclone dedusting desulfurizer, which adopts liquid as adsorbent, and is used for the smoke purification treatment of a coal burning boiler. The fire coal smoke cyclone dedusting desulfurizer comprises a body, two cyclone plates, a first dustchamber, a second dustchamber, a water bath dustchamber, a desulfuration chamber, a purification chamber, an alkali liquor spraying device, a water spraying device, an activated carbon desulfurization ring, a solution mixing pump, a solenoid valve, a circulation alkali tank, a stirrer, a solution transfer pump, a filter tank, a slag scraping machine, a transfer trolley and the like. Two-stage cyclone dedusting, solid-gas separation in the water bath, alkali liquor spraying, liquid adsorption desulfuration and wet-type purification are adopted by aiming at the smoke of an oil burning boiler, not only does the emission reach the environmental-friendly standard, but also both the clear water and the alkali liquor are recycled, so the double circulation of lye and alkali liquor and the automatic slag discharge are realized.