The invention discloses a preparation method and a quality control method of rhizoma cyperi four-material granules. The preparation method comprises the steps of extracting volatile oil from four medicinal materials including angelica, Szechuan lovage rhizome, rhizoma cyperi and costus root by adopting a steam distillation method, performing grinding inclusion on the volatile oil by adopting beta-cyclodextrin, adding prepared rehmannia root, white peony root and rhizoma corydalis into the residue obtained after the volatile oil is extracted, adding water for decocting and extracting, precipitating the extract by using 95% ethanol, standing, filtering, concentrating the supernate under reduced pressure, drying to obtain a dry extract, adding powdered sugar and dextrin, mixing uniformly, granulating, drying, shaping, adding an inclusion compound, and mixing uniformly, thus obtaining the four-material granules. The quality control method comprises thin-layer qualitative identification and HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) content measurement. The volatile oil is separately extracted and included, so that double effects of reducing the consumption of accessories and exerting the treatment effect are achieved; compared with the conventional single-formula granules, the four-material granules having various medicinal flavors can sufficiently exert the advantage of compatibility of Chinese medicaments; and a perfect quality standard is established, so that the quality of the compound granules can be effectively controlled.