To provide recombinant
Staphylococcus bacteria (e.g., S. epidermidis) that are dependent on D-
alanine for growth. [Solution] In one aspect, the Disclosure features recombinant
Staphylococcus bacteria comprising two inactivated
alanine racemase genes (Δalr1Δalr2); and an inactivated D-
alanine aminotransferase (dat)
gene. In another aspect, the Disclosure features a method for producing recombinant
Staphylococcus bacteria. In another aspect, the Disclosure provides a method for treating or preventing a
rash in a subject, the method comprising the step of administering to the subject an amount effective to treat or prevent a
rash in the subject, which is one of the aspects or embodiments described herein.