The invention relates to a temperature-controlled sustained-release injection containing an anti-cancer drug, which consists of the anti-cancer drug and an amphiphilic block copolymer hydrogel and has the temperature-sensitive gelatinization feature, the temperature-controlled sustained-release injection is flowable liquid in the environment that is lower than the body temperature and can be automatically converted to the water-insoluble gel that can not flow and be biodegradable for absorption in an endotherm, thus allowing the drug to have the local sustained release in a tumor and maintain the effective drug concentration for a plurality of weeks to a plurality of months; the temperature-controlled sustained-release injection can be injected in the tumor or the tumor periphery or be arranged in the postoperative tumor cavity, thus significantly reducing the systemic reaction of the drug, strengthening the treatment effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other non-surgical therapies, and being used for the treatment of the tumors in different stages. The anti-cancer drug can be vincristine, vinorelbine, navelbine, vindesine, vinleurosine, vinrosidine, cephalotaxine, bleomycin, daunomycin, aclarubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, pirarubicin, valrubicin, mitomycin C, actinomycin D, losoxantrone, mitoxantrone, mitozolomide, temozolomide and so on.