The invention relates to a method for accurately and rapidly detecting antigens and antibodies in human serum in a trace mode. The method comprises the steps of preparing trace (1ml) known anti-erythrocyte antigen and antibody on a trace detection plate by utilizing an immunohematology principle, adding trace (1ml) unknown erythrocytes to be detected, and detecting the antigens on the surface of the erythrocyte membrane; or adding trace (1ml) unknown serum to be detected into the erythrocytes with the known trace (1ml) erythrocyte antigen, and detecting the antigens and antibodies on the surface of the erythrocyte membrane in the human blood. The reaction identifier is collected by the erythrocytes, the reaction with the collected erythrocytes is a positive reaction, the reaction without the collected erythrocytes is a negative reaction, the method is combined with a centrifugal machine, a spectrophotometer, a microscope and computer programs, and the erythrocyte antigens and the antibodies in the serum can be rapidly, accurately and automatically detected. According to the trace detection plate kit, the safety, high efficiency and accuracy of the clinical erythrocyte zygosity can be greatly improved, the detection cost is reduced, and the development of clinical hematology application is promoted.