The present application belongs to the field of
welding forming, and particularly discloses a steel rail electric-shield
welding shape control method and
system coupled with
magnetic field and temperature field, which comprises: the steel rails to be welded have a
welding gap between them, and the welding gap can accommodate three electric-shield welding nozzles; two water-cooled
copper molds are respectively arranged on the two sides of the steel rails to be welded, and a
magnetic field stirring device is installed simultaneously; the steel rails to be welded are welded, and for any moment of the steel rails: a
molten pool temperature field picture within a first time threshold before the current moment is acquired; welding parameters within a second time threshold before the current moment are acquired; a heat accumulation feature of the current moment is determined based on the acquired welding parameters and
molten pool temperature field picture; the heat accumulation feature is input into a trained discrimination model to determine real-
time parameter values of the water-cooled
copper mold and the
magnetic field stirring device, thereby realizing
molten pool control at the current moment. The present application adopts a real-time joint
control mode of temperature field and magnetic field stirring, and couples heat accumulation information to improve the quality of the welded joint.