The invention discloses a PCR kit for detecting ST251-type aeromonas hydrophila and application. The kit comprises a PCR Premix, a primer pair, a standard positive DNA template, a standard negative DNA template and sterilization double distilled water. An upstream primer sequence is 5'-GCGGCGTAAGCGGATTTGTAGC-3', a downstream primer sequence is 5'-CCGGTCGGATTGGTCAGGTTCAT-3', the annealing temperature is 63 DEG C, a correct amplification product is 826bp in size, the standard positive DNA template is genomic DNA extract of an ST251-type aeromonas hydrophila XS91-4-1 strain, and the DNA concentration is 500 nanograms per microliter; the negative DNA template is genomic extractive of an aeromonas veronii IB340 strain, and the DNA concentration is 500 nanograms per microliter. The kit is applicable to all kinds of gene amplification instruments, high in detection specificity and sensitivity, quick, accurate and good in stability. The kit can be used for quickly diagnosing freshwater fish outbreak diseases and blood poisoning caused by aeromonas hydrophila of other fishes and quickly detecting and identifying bacteria and then is widely applied to disease prediction and forecast and epidemiologic studies.