The invention discloses a rapid dehydration dryer and relates to an environmental protection device for carrying out dehydration or spin-drying on slurry or slag particles related to industry, daily life, agriculture and the like, most of the treatment technologies which are adopted currently adopt the dehydration or the spin-drying method which solely needs the pause for re-operation or the shoving compression roller way, but such treatment technologies have low efficiency, inconvenient treatment, poor effects, slow speed and the like. The scheme is as follows: materials pass through a screw conveyor, the screw conveyor is further connected with a rotary drum dehydration device through a joint sleeve and a hollow shaft, the hollow shaft is arranged at two ends of the dehydration rotary drum, a belt pulley and a belt are arranged at one end of the hollow shaft, the end of the hollow shaft is connected onto a power source, a heating element is placed on the wall of an inner housing of the dehydration rotary drum, the dehydration rotary drum is supported by support bearings at two ends of the hollow shaft, a hood shell is arranged on the surface of the dehydration rotary drum, a water outlet pipe port is designed at the bottom end of the hood shell, and the other end of the hollow shaft is connected with the joint sleeve and connected to a discharge port; and the rapid dehydration dryer can carry out full dehydration, simultaneously reasonably utilize heat energy, effectively save the time, and solve the problems of slow speed and the like caused by adopting the pause spin-drying or a shoving compression roller in the traditional technologies.