The invention relates to a method for extracting hydrocarbon source rock asphaltene-coated hydrocarbon. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out cable extraction on a hydrocarbon source rock to obtain an extract; (2) adding n-heptane into the extract to precipitate asphaltene to obtain precipitated asphaltene; (3) repeatedly performing soxhlet extraction on the precipitated asphaltene until the obtained extract has no organic component through GC / MS detection, thus obtaining the asphaltene; (4) wrapping the asphaltene with filter paper extracted by dichloromethane, then placing the wrapped asphaltene in a fume hood, naturally airing at room temperature, and grinding to obtain ground asphaltene; (5) subjecting the ground asphaltene to ultrasonic treatment, filter membranefiltration, family component separation and elution to obtain saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon components; and (6) directly extracting components such as saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon through a non-polar solid phase micro-extraction column head, then inserting the extraction column head into a GC sample inlet, and analyzing, samplingand detecting at 280 DEG C. The method for extracting hydrocarbon source rock asphaltene-coated hydrocarbon, provided by the invention, can improve the detection accuracy and solve the difficult problems of the contrast, maturity and deposition environment of the seriously biodegradable hydrocarbon source rock oil source.