43 results about "X ray methods" patented technology

The system uses an X-ray imaging system having an elongated lifetime. Further, the system uses an X-ray beam that lies in substantially the same path as a charged particle beam path of a particle beam cancer therapy system. The system creates an electron beam that strikes an X-ray generation source located proximate to the charged particle beam path. By generating the X-rays near the charged particle beam path, an X-ray path running collinear, in parallel with, and/or substantially in contact with the charged particle beam path is created. The system then collects X-ray images of localized body tissue region about a cancerous tumor. Since, the X-ray path is essentially the charged particle beam path, the generated image is usable for precisely target the tumor with a charged particle beam.

The invention belongs to the field of nondestructive detection and relates to a method for nondestructive evaluation of residual stress levels in an aluminum alloy forged piece through ultrasonic waves. According to the method, the phenomenon that the propagation speed of the ultrasonic waves in materials can be affected by stress in the materials to a certain extent is used, and the difference of residual stress levels among different positions in the large size aluminum alloy forged piece is reflected through changes of sound speeds. The method has the advantages of being high in detection speed, large in measuring depth, good in economy and the like. The residual stress in the large size aluminum alloy forged piece is measured through the sound elastic effect of the ultrasonic waves in the method, and the method has the advantages of being high in measuring speed, convenient to use, flexible in measuring range, good in economy and the like. The single-time measuring time of the method is about five minutes and is shorter that the single-time measuring time of a neutron diffraction residual stress measuring method, the detection speed is high, the maximum measuring depth of the method can reach 400 mm, is larger that the measuring depth of the neutron diffraction method, and is much larger that the measuring depth of an X-ray method or a Barkhausen noise method.

An object of the present invention is to provide a redox flow secondary battery being low in the electric resistance and excellent in the current efficiency as well, and further having the durability. The present invention relates to an electrolyte membrane for a redox flow secondary battery, the electrolyte membrane containing an ion-exchange resin composition containing a fluorine-based polyelectrolyte polymer, and having an ion cluster diameter of 1.00 to 2.95 nm as measured in water at 25° C. by a small angle X-ray method, and to a redox flow secondary battery using the electrolyte membrane.

Methods and devices are disclosed for the imaging of a biological sample from all rotational perspectives in three-dimensional space and with multiple imaging modalities. A biological sample is positioned on an imaging stage that is capable of full 360-degree rotation in at least one of two orthogonal axes. Positioned about the stage are imaging modules enabling the recording of a series of images in multiple modalities, including reflected visible light, fluorescence, X-ray, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography. A computer can use the images to construct three-dimensional models of the sample and to render images of the sample conveying information from one or more imaging channels. The rendered images can be displayed for an operator who can manipulate the images to present additional information or viewing angles of the sample. The image manipulation can be with touch gestures entered using a sterilizable or disposable touch pen.

The invention discloses a cylindrical part surface machining stress measuring method based on a finite element compensation coefficient. According to the method, the proper length of a part is determined by means of a finite element analysis method, the part is cut in the proper length for measuring according to a finite element analysis result, materials are removed layer by layer through chemical milling delamination, the compensation coefficient is calculated through a finite element, and finally true initial stress of the part is calculated according to surface stress values measured in an X-ray method after each delamination and the compensation coefficient obtained through finite element calculation. The stress measuring method is simple in computation and reliable in precision, and the requirement for the length of the part is not strict. The problems that computation of a Moore correction method and an Evans correction method commonly used in the prior art is complex, the requirements for the part and stress are strict, and precision can not meet the requirement are solved.

A method for predicting creep aging behavior of Al-Cu alloy unde variable stress is provided. The uniaxial tensile stress aging treatment was carried out on a creep tester, and the creep curves were obtained under different stress levels at specific temperatures. Then the tensile tests were carried out after air cooling to room temperature, and the yield strength changes under different stress aging were obtained. The evolution of dislocation density in step one creep process was calculated by X-ray diffraction method. The changes of theta 'and theta size and volume fraction of main strengthening phases in creep process were observed by transmission electron microscope. A unified macroscopic and microscopic constitutive model for predicting creep and age hardening of Al-Cu alloys under strain stress was established. The material constants are determined and the parameters in the model are obtained by particle swarm optimization algorithm. The invention solves the drawback that the prior method can only be used in a narrow stress range, has important guiding significance for accurately predicting creep deformation and property evolution under complex stress of practical materials and components, and can be applied to numerical simulation of component manufacturing.

The invention relates to a device and a method for the online measurement of the residence time distribution of a rotating packed bed, belonging to the technical field of the online determination of the residence time distribution. The device comprises an electrode and an internal pipe, wherein the electrode is installed on the internal side and the external side of the non-conductive packing of the rotating packed bed, and the internal pipe is filled with tracer liquid. The electrode is connected with a slip ring through a conducting wire. The slip ring and a rotating shaft rotate synchronously and the slip ring is connected with a data acquisition system. The method is that gas and liquid with fixed flow are injected into the liquid distributor of the rotating packed bed, the tracer liquid is filled, the slip ring transmits electrical signals to the outside, electric signal data is acquired and residence time distribution function E (t) is obtained by adopting data integral calculation. The invention realizes the online measurement of the residence time distribution and has the advantages of that the real-time performance is high, the continuity is good, the detailed features ofliquid holdup can be comprehensively reflected and the like; and by adopting the conductance method, not only the error caused by the x-ray method, the ultrasonic method, the conductivity method andthe fluorescence method is overcome, but also the online measurement can facilitate the detection of the impacts of all kinds of impact factors of the residence time distribution on the liquid holdup.

A sintering material granulation method using X-ray CT comprises a granulation step, in which water is added and sintering material is granulated; a granulated material measurement step, in which the weight (M) of the granulated material is measured, and the volume (V) of the granulated material is found from a CT sectional image; a dried material measurement step, in which, after the granulated material measurement step, the granulated material is dried and the weight (m) of the dried granulated material and the true density (?0) of the dried granulated material are measured; and a water adjustment step, in which the water saturation (S) is found from the weight (M), the volume (V), the weight (m), and the true density (?0), and then the quantity of the water to be added to the sinteringmaterial is adjusted so that this water saturation (S) is not less than 0.9 and not more than 1.05.

The invention discloses an electromagnetic on-line detection method of retained austenite of a rolling bearing. The electromagnetic on-line detection method comprises the steps that: (1) an alternating current bridge type circuit is established to build an equivalent circuit of a magnetic loop; (2) a constant current source provides exciting current signals; (3) the constant current source inputs the exciting current to an excitation loop; (4) resistors, a reference probe and a measuring probe compose four arms of the alternating current bridge type circuit, and the reference probe and the measuring probe detect a material to be detected; (5) the resistors are connected with a mutual inductor to send output current signals to a data acquisition card and then to a computer; (6) another mutual inductor is connected between the reference probe and the measuring probe to send unbalanced current signals to the data acquisition card and then to the computer; and (7) the computer adjust the alternating current bridge type circuit to a maximum sensitivity according to the input exciting current, and the unbalanced current signal calculates content of the residual austenite of the detected piece. The electromagnetic on-line detection method, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of high sensitivity, good repeatability, convenient operation and fast detection speed, is relatively well matched with a result of an X-ray method and is suitable for on-line detection and popularized use.

The invention relates to a nondestructive quantitative detecting method and a device thereof for internal defects of a refractory brick. The detecting method comprises the following steps of: adopting a striking mode to excite the refractory brick (1); taking acoustic and vibration characteristics of the refractory brick as internal quality state quantitative parameters; recording the acoustic and vibration characteristics measured in striking; converting the acoustic and vibration characteristics into electrical signals; analyzing corresponding electrical signals based on spectral technology; and comparing analysis results with a standard spectrogram of the refractory brick so as to realize nondestructive quantitative detection of internal defects. The device comprises a striking tool, a detecting system and a display memory system, wherein the detecting system comprises a sensor (2), a conversion device (3) and a spectrum analysis block (4), and the display memory system (5) includes a spectrum display, a memory and an output interface. The invention can replace an X-ray method, reduce the detection cost, achieve on-line monitoring and quantitatively express whether the quality is qualified or not, has simple structure, reliable performance, high efficiency and easy operation, and can realize the nondestructive quantitative detection of refractory materials, ceramics and the like.

The invention discloses a method for measuring the residual stress on the surface of a milling part based on strain change and an inverse inference method, which belongs to the field of mechanical engineering. In the traditional measurement process of the residual stress on the surface of a milling part based on an X-ray method, the measured residual stress often reaches the stress value after theequilibrium state, and the equipment used is expensive. In the invention, the strain change of the back of a milled side in the stripping process of a residual stress layer on the surface is measured. Meanwhile, in view of the transformation of bending moment caused by the residual stress in the remaining residual stress layer after each stripping due to the position change of the neutral layer,calculation is carried out from the bottommost layer and inverse inference is carried out step by step from bottom to top until the residual stress value in the topmost layer is calculated. Thus, themeasurement of surface residual stress changing with depth in the whole milling process is completed. The equipment required in the whole process is inexpensive, and the operation is simple. The measured value can be used to accurately predict the deformation of stress of various shapes and sizes caused by the surface residual stress and the distribution of the actual residual stress inside a partafter the internal stress eventually reaches equilibrium.

According to some aspects, an x-ray apparatus for imaging and/or radiation therapy is provided, the x-ray apparatus comprises an electron source capable of generating electrons, at least one first target arranged to receive electrons from the electron source, the at least one first target comprising material that, in response to being irradiated by the electrons, emits broad spectrum x-ray radiation, at least one second target arranged to receive at least some of the broad spectrum x-ray radiation, the at least one second target comprising material that, in response to irradiation by broad spectrum x-ray radiation from the first target, emits monochromatic x-ray radiation, and at least one detector positioned to detect at least some of the monochromatic x-ray radiation emitted from the at least one second target. According to some aspects, a relatively low cost, relatively small footprint x-ray apparatus for generating monochromatic x-ray radiation suitable for medical/clinical purposes and appropriate for use in existing medical facilities such as hospitals and/or small clinical settings is provided.

A region of interest is identified using a conventional CT or X-ray approach. Then, the region of interest is scanned using a plurality of pencil beams (28) to obtain a plurality of different scattered X-ray spectra. A geometric correction is then applied to each spectrum as if the spectrum was solely due to features in the region of interest. The various spectra recorded using the beams are combined and correlated to determine features of the region of interest (32) whilst minimising the effect of features in the rest of the sample (30).

The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-manufacturing and provides a non-contact type optical measurement method for thickness of a thick photoresist film. According to the method, refractive index of the photoresist film is introduced when the photoresist thickness is measured by an optical microscope, a virtual image observed by naked eyes is converted into a real image, and the accurate photoresist film thickness is obtained. The method comprises measurement steps as follows: substrate pretreatment, photoresist film preparation, photoresist film thickness measurement, exposureand development. The defects of measurement methods such as an electrolytic method, a crystal resonator method, an interference method, a spectrum scanning method, an X-ray method, an elliptical polarization method and the like in the prior art as well as limitation of application are overcome, the thickness of the photoresist film which is several hundreds mu m thick is measured accurately, themethod has the characteristics of being wide in application range, simple and efficient, and dimensional precision and efficiency of manufacturing of an electric casting film with a metal microstructure can be improved.

The present invention provides a steel pipe, consisting of, in terms of mass %: from 0.06% to 0.25% of C, 0.50% or less of Si, 1.00% to 1.80% of Mn, 0.030% or less of P, 0.020% or less of S, 0.08% or less of Al, 0.008% or less of N, 0.080% or less of Nb, and a remainder consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein a compressive residual stress at an outer surface measured by an X-ray method is 250 MPa or more, and a compressive residual stress at a position at a depth of 1 mm from the outer surface measured by the X-ray method is 70% or more of the compressive residual stress at the outer surface measured by the X-ray method.

The invention discloses a method for preparing strained silicon by a scanning-type high-energy microbeam X-ray, and relates to the field of the integrated circuit manufacture. The method comprises thefollowing steps: synthesizing a Si/SiO2 double-layer composite structure system, wherein the structure thereof is a silicon film of which the upper surface is covered by a silicon dioxide layer, successively illuminating areas expected to produce strain in the Si/SiO2 double-layer composite structure system by using the high-energy microbeam X-ray according to a certain sequence, to prepare the strained silicon of the local strain. The method is capable of firstly using a high-energy microbeam X-ray method, using a feature that the area of a beam spot of the microbeam X-ray is tiny, thereby achieving the purposes of accurately selecting and controlling the strain areas of the strained silicon, and producing the size-controllable strain capacity in the different strain areas. The method has the advantages of controllable strain areas and size precision, low working temperature, no introduced impurities, simple process, large strain capacity range, no damage to silicon and the like, andis expected to be extensively applied in the fields, such as semiconductor integrated circuits and micro-nano electronic devices.