The invention relates to a method for identifying Camellia Vietnamese (Camellia Vietnamese), Camellia nobilis (C. osmantha), Camellia frutescens (i.e., Camellia oleifera, C. oleifer var.monosperma) and Camellia oleifera (i.e., Camellia oleifera, C. oleifer). The invention relates to a method for identifying Camellia vietnamese, Camellia nobilis, C. oleifer. According to the method, an amplification primer ycf1-5 and a forward sequence (5 '-3') are adopted, wherein the forward sequence is TGACCTCTTAACCAGTTTTTCCA; and the reverse sequence (5 '-3') is TGGATTATCAAGGGCATTCCGT. The detection kit is used for detecting SNP1, SNP2 and InDel 1. An amplification primer is ZDJ-190, and the forward sequence (5 '-3') of the amplification primer is AAAGAGCGTGGAGGTTCGAG; and the reverse sequence (5 '-3') is GACTGGGTGGTCGAGTCATG and is used for detecting the InDel 2 site. After the amplification product is sequenced, the SNP1 and SNP2 in the product sequence of the camellia fragrant flower germplasm material primer ycf1-5 are shown as' T 'basic groups; if the InDel 1 lacks the TCTTT sequence, the camellia meiocarpa is the camellia meiocarpa. The InDel 2 site is Vietnam camellia oleifera if the'AGTAC 'sequence is deleted, and the InDel 2 site is common camellia oleifera if the'AGTAC' sequence is not deleted. Therefore, the Vietnam camellia oleifera resources, the Camellia odorata resources, the Camellia microcarpa resources and the common Camellia oleifera resources can be effectively detected and identified, and a technical support is provided for classification identification and molecular breeding selection of related Camellia oleifera resources.