The invention discloses a capsule waste removing and polishing all-in-one machine which comprises a machine frame, an inner roller, a polishing cylinder, a dust collector and a motor. The machine frame is fixedly provided with the polishing cylinder, the inner roller is arranged in the polishing cylinder in a sleeved mode, and a gap exists between the polishing cylinder and the inner roller; the machine frame is provided with the motor serving as a power source, the motor drives a roll shaft to rotate through a belt wheel, and the roll shaft is fixedly connected with one side of the inner roller; the other side of the inner roller is provided with a feed inlet, and a cover plate is disposed on the inner roller; the dust collector is arranged at the bottom of the polishing cylinder and connected with the inner roller; a discharge port is formed in the bottom of the inner roller, and the bottom of the polishing cylinder is provided with a negative-pressure waste removing channel. By means of the machine, polishing is achieved while hollow capsules and other defective products are removed, the structure is simple, brushes are not used, the problems that the brushes abrade capsules and bristles fall are avoided, continuous production can be achieved, production efficiency is improved, the defective products and qualified products are collected separately, and production cost is lowered.