The invention discloses a patrol robot system for an overhead high-voltage transmission line. The patrol robot system comprises a robot, the overhead line and a ground base station. The overhead line is supported through a cross bar. The robot comprises a robot body, a battery, a walking device, a single-chip microcomputer, a monitor device and a mobile communication device. The ground base station comprises a ground communication device and a ground monitor device. The ground base station and the robot are connected in a satellite communication mode. A robot platform is arranged on one side of the overhead line. The walking device comprises a walking mechanism and an obstacle avoidance mechanism. The walking device is connected with the single-chip microcomputer. The monitor range of the patrol robot is wider, environmental interference resistance is higher, the better obstacle avoidance mechanism is provided, a rest area is provided for the patrol robot, the service life of the patrol robot is prolonged, an automatic charging device is provided, work loads of workers are reduced, and the work of patrolling high-voltage lines and ultra-high-voltage lines can be completed excellently.