The invention relates to the technical field of lithography, and specifically relates to a diffraction grating etcher. The diffraction grating etcher includes a first fixed housing, a transmission mechanism, a second fixed housing, an etching mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a sealing mechanism, an adjusting mechanism and a lithography mechanism, wherein the lithography mechanism is arranged in thefirst fixed housing, and can effectively project on a silica gel plate to form a model; the etching mechanism is arranged in the second fixed housing, and can effectively use the projected silica gelplate to perform etching to manufacture a real product; the transmission mechanism is arranged between the first fixed housing and the second fixed housing, and can transmit the projected silica gelplate in the first fixed housing into the second fixed housing for etching while maintaining the sealing properties of the first fixed housing and the second fixed housing, so as to realize continuousproduction; and in the first fixed housing, the feeding mechanism is used to perform feeding, and at the same time the sealing mechanism is used to maintain the sealing state, and when the sealing mechanism is opened, the sealing mechanism can guarantee that no external light enters and can guarantee the sealing properties during the feeding process.