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The invention belongs to the field of power system monitoring and fault diagnosis, and particularly relates to a cable branch box health early warning method based on fusion of insulation resistance and leakage current. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring insulation resistance and leakage current signals which are synchronously aligned by using a sensing monitoring unit, and extracting deterministic characteristics through nonlinear preprocessing; performing phase-space reconstruction on the leakage current signal, and calculating the maximum Lyapunov exponent, correlation dimension and other dynamic characteristic indexes so as to quantify the chaotic evolution degree responded by the insulating medium; and constructing an evaluation model based on fusion of insulation resistance and dynamic indexes, calculating a comprehensive health index, comparing the comprehensive health index with a threshold value, and determining an early warning level. According to the method, the qualitative change omen at the initial stage of insulation degradation can be sensitively captured by fusing the macroscopic electrical parameters and the microdynamics evolution characteristics, the advancement and the anti-interference capability of early warning are improved, reliable support is provided for refined operation and maintenance of the cable branch box, and the power supply reliability of a power system is guaranteed.