The invention discloses a monitoring system of a surface mount technology (SMT) production line. The monitoring system comprises a printing machine, a connection table, a patch mounting machine, a reflow solder, an image acquisition device, a signal sending module, a display module, a data processing module and a signal receiving module, wherein the printing machine, the connection table, the patch mounting machine and the reflow solder are sequentially arranged, the image acquisition device and the signal sending module are arranged on the printing machine, the patch mounting machine and the reflow solder, the display module, the data processing module and the signal receiving module are arranged outside the SMT production line, the image acquisition device is used for respectively acquiring a printed circuit board (PCB) tin paste printing image in the printing machine, a patch image in the patch mounting machine and a welding image on the reflow solder, the signal sending module is used for sending the acquired image information to the signal receiving module, the data processing module is then used for processing the image information, and the display module is used for displaying a processing result. By the monitoring system, the data of the SMT production line can be effectively monitored, the production efficiency is improved, and the production quality and the finished rate are ensured.