The invention discloses a single chip microcomputer-based lightening protection online detection integrated box, which comprises a box body, a box cover, a first PCB and a second PCB, wherein the first PCB is provided with a power input terminal, a 10-mode power supply protection circuit, an RC anti-harmonic interference circuit and a single chip microcomputer power supply circuit; the second PCB is provided with a single chip microcomputer, an OLCD screen display circuit connected to the single chip microcomputer, a power supply indicating circuit, a data collecting and processing circuit, an RS485 data transceiver circuit, an external lightening protection module degradation detection circuit, a query button and a sound-light alarm circuit; and the power supply input terminal is used for being connected to a three-phase power supply of a low-voltage power system. By the single chip microcomputer-based lightening protection online detection integrated box, the lightning resistance and the anti-jamming capability of computer room equipment of the low-voltage power system are improved; the safe operation reliability of the equipment is improved; the damage rate of the computer room equipment of the low-voltage power system is reduced; the operation and maintenance cost of a building user is reduced; and good social benefits and economic benefits are generated.