The invention discloses a mining self-power-generation type inspection robot system and a control method. The mining self-power-generation type inspection robot system is composed of a drive control part and a robot body, wherein the drive control part comprises an upper computer, a wireless base station, a local control box, a frequency converter, a motor, a steel wire rope, a steel wire rope wheel, a rail, an upper limiting sensor and a lower limiting sensor; and the robot body comprises clamping wheels, a generator, a rectification protection plate, a controller, an intrinsic safety double-vision holder, a wireless communication module, a CD4, a pickup, an obstacle avoidance sensor and an RFID. The robot body is fixedly suspended on the steel wire rope, when the steel wire rope pulls the robot body to move, the robot body generates power by itself and supplies power to circuits and detection instruments in the robot body, the problems that a storage battery is prone to explode and needs to be charged frequently are solved, thus the robot system can work for a long time under a coal mine, and 24-hour unattended continuous operation inspection is achieved.